FGS - Chapter 1 Flashcards
____ _____ must be in place attacking the fire before the search of the floor above the fire can be conducted safely.
Hose lines must be in place attacking the fire before the search of the floor above the fire can be conducted safely.
Conditions that lead to Mayday (STOR)
Separated from partner/operating alone
Tunnel vision (lose awareness of larger fire event)
Operating off the hose line
Run out of air
Overhead Weight Considerations
ID amount of weight and if roof will support
Overhead weight increases potential for roof collapse
NO light-weight truss with overhead weight if building on fire.
Fire + light-weight truss + overhead weight = EARLY COLLAPSE
Brown Smoke
- Brown smoke occurs during mid to late stage heating of unfinished wood
- Brown smoke venting indicates structural components are being heated/compromised
NIOSH Recommendations (HII)
NIOSH Recommendations:
• Hose lines during search.
• Interior conditions communicated to IC.
• IC to remain in command.
Reading Smoke
Helps the fire fighter make the decision to enter or exit a structure.
- Volume:
• Amount of smoke relative to size of structure
• Indicates how much fuel has off gassed - Velocity
• Smoke speed
• Compare smoke venting from similar openings
• Can help ID where fire is and where it’s going - Density
• MOST IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTE!
• Tells you how much “Fuel” is present
• Thicker smoke = likely hostile fire event and more dangerous/explosive event will be
• Continuity of fuel increases this risk. Flashover in one room can ignite all smoke - Color
• Stage of heating/Filtration of smoke
• Fire location - Rarely indicates material burning
• Amount of flaming
• Helps tie together and confirm information previously obtained
NFPA 1404 - Standard for Fire Service Respiratory Protection Training
• Underwent a revision in 2006. It now mandates that fire fighter’s be out of the IDLH area before the low air alarm activates.
Lightweight Truss Systems
- 25 LODDs
- Collapse in 6 to 8 minutes.
- Collapse can occur at time of arrival.
- Fire in concealed spaces leads to truss collapse.
- TIC (Thermal Imagining Camera) can read heat in concealed spaces.
- Trusses fail at connection points
- Small/Localized truss failure just as dangerous as Large/System truss failure.
- Research location of contents.
Pre-Planning (RAAD)
Pre-fire planning can increase survivability by allowing
companies to:
- Recognize potential response problems.
- Analyze construction elements in their districts.
- Anticipate building compromise.
- Discuss strategies.
*Most importantly, the pre-plan can provide clues to where and when a building may fail.
Fuel Loads
All contents in building add fuel and can influence rate/spread of fire.
DO NOT ENTER buildings where fire fighters can be trapped by a rapidly advancing fire.
Hose Line Positioning
Four personnel with one apparatus operator at panel, two fire fighters on hose line with officer or most experienced fire fighter just behind the fire fighter at the tip.
As hose line is extended further, more fire fighters are added ensuring each egress is protected.
Room Orientation
Stay oriented at all times so you can get out of the building if conditions deteriorate:
• Know where you are.
• Know how you got there.
• Know how to get out.
• Fire fighters work in pairs.
• Fire fighters exit in pairs.
• Company officer is able to see, touch or hear all members of the crew.
Comprehensive Pre-Plan (CBDOF)
- Construction Type.
- Building History.
- Derelict Buildings.
- Overhead Weight (HVAC, Tanks, Billboards, etc.).
- Fuel Loads (Heat Release of Fuels).
Size-Up (CLOL)
Size up is an assessment of the situation that must occur on all incidents.
Four Components of Size up:
- Construction
- Location/Extent of fire
- Occupancy
- Life Hazard
A pre-plan must identify ___________ and ________ _____ that buildings have undergone.
Renovations
Previous fires
