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Praxis - World History > Feudalism Through the Era of Expansion > Flashcards

Feudalism Through the Era of Expansion Flashcards

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1
Q

Dark Ages

A

467-1000

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2
Q

Vladimir I

A

Russian Grand Prince who converted to Christianity and ordered his subjects to do the same (988)

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3
Q

Cyrillic Alphabet

A

Used in Slavic languages created by 9th century missionaries

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4
Q

Feudalism

A

Hierarchy where loyalty is given for land and protection

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5
Q

Vassal

A

Pledge their loyalty to lords for land

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6
Q

Fealty

A

Loyalty

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7
Q

Fief

A

Land

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8
Q

Manor

A

Possessed by Lords, but worked by serfs (peasants)

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9
Q

Saxons

A

German people group who invades and conquers Britain (600)

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10
Q

Huns

A

Asian invaders who threated the Germanic Tribes that vied for control in Germany and France

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11
Q

Viking Civilizations

A

Exception to the Chaos of Dark Ages due to their seafaring and technological skills

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12
Q

Erik the Red

A

Viking that traveled with his son, Leif Erikson, to North America

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13
Q

North African Moors

A

Islamic group that became a threat to Christian Europe

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14
Q

Battle of Tours

A

(732) Charles Martel, Leader of the Franks, Defeats the Moors in Gual

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15
Q

Charlemagne

A

Maintained Frankish unity, defended papal states in Italy, Crowned Roman Empire in 800

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16
Q

Carolingian Empire

A

Provided Stability to Christian Europe (800-888), organized the feudal system

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17
Q

Otto I

A

Became Emperor of Holy Roman Empire which stays in power until 1806

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18
Q

William the Conqueror

A

Left France and established Christianity in England (1066)

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19
Q

Sasanians

A

Last Persian imperial dynasty before Muslim conquest of the Middle East

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20
Q

Muhammad

A

Born in 570, receives religious messages from God, writes them down in what becomes the Qur’an. He is driven from Mecca, which he and his followers eventually reconquer

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21
Q

Abu Bakr

A

First Caliph (leader of Islamic state), conquers land in Byzantine Empire. Chosen over Ali

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22
Q

Ali

A

Husband of Muhammad’s oldest daughter, many people believed he should be the leader of the Islamic state since Muhammad had no sons and wanted a blood relative. Finally chosen as 4th Caliph.

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23
Q

Shi’a

A

Muslim group that follows Shi’ite Islam, believes the leader of the Islamic state should be a blood relative of Muhammad

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24
Q

First Civil War (Islamic State)

A

(656-661) fought over who should be the next leader, ends with Ali’s murder

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25
Q

Second Civil War (Islamic State)

A

(680-692) Started due to massacre of Ali’s son, Hussein, and his family

26
Q

Umayyad Caliphate

A

(661) Empire that comes to power after the first four Caliphs

27
Q

Abbasid Caliphate

A

Overthrew Umayyad, the Caliph professionalized the military to consolidate power (750-1258), stability helped education and knowledge advance

28
Q

Mamluks

A

Freed Slaves that were trained as soldiers by the Caliph, Al-Mutasim, helped him gain power

29
Q

Sung Dynasty

A

(960-1276) Chinese dynasty that marked the start of what is commonly though of as Chinese culture (tea and rice), also established sea and land trade

30
Q

Hajj

A

Islamic tradition of pilgrimage to Mecca, increased cultural interactions

31
Q

Mali Empire

A

Islamic empire based in Timbuktu, center of learning and commerce

32
Q

Pope Urban II

A

1095 asked by Byzantine Empire to protect Jerusalem from Islamic invasion, told Lords and knights that they could keep the land won and offered indulgences

33
Q

Fatimids

A

Caliphate that ruled Syria and Egypt from 910-1171, Shi’ite group

34
Q

Abd Al-Rahman III

A

(891-961) Went against Fatimids and Abbasids. took Spain and developed Hispano-Arabic culture with focus on intellectual pursuits

35
Q

First Crusade

A

European Christians unite to defeat Muslims (1099, but continues for many centuries)

36
Q

Salah Al-Din

A

Kurdish military leader who abolished the Fatimid caliphate, reconquered Jerusalem, and drove Christians out for good (1187)

37
Q

Hundred Year’s War

A

(1337-1453) War between France and England over territory and who was the Legitimate successor the French Crown. In 1453 England lost last territory in France to King Charles VII

38
Q

Reconquista

A

(722-1492) Expansion of Christian kingdom throughout Hispania, many small kingdoms are fighting for power, in 1492 marriage of Ferdinand of Castilla to Isabella of Aragon united Spain

39
Q

Tang Dynasty

A

(690-705) Closed Chinas borders so silk road trade declined

40
Q

Mongol Empire

A

(1206-1368) Expanded through all of Eurasia with great abilities in horsemanship, destroyed China

41
Q

Genghis Khan

A

Leader of the Mongol Empire that united the nomadic tribes

42
Q

Kublai Khan

A

Genghis Khan’s grandson, founded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in 1271 in China. Kept most of Song Dynasty ideas, but got rid of Confucianism

43
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

Native Chinese dynasty that takes over Yuan in 1368

44
Q

Ivan the Great

A

Took Moscow from Mongol to Russian Control (1480) gaining Moscow’s independence

45
Q

Ivan the Terrible

A

(1530-1584) Expanded Russia Further, Strengthened Russian Orthodox Christianity reorganized military (merit over status), earned reputation as despotic ruler

46
Q

Babur

A

Descendent of Timur (Mongolian leader) founded the Mughal Empire of India, gained support from Ottoman Empire. Mughal Empire ruled until British took over in 1857

47
Q

Qing Dynasty

A

in 1644 Manchu (non-Han) Chinese sized Bejing and formed this dynasty. First leader, Kangxi Emperor, promoted arts and education.

48
Q

Safavids

A

Emerged in Persia in the wake of Timurid Empire (1501-1736), enemy of the Ottomans.

49
Q

Battle of Kosovo

A

(1389) Ottomans took over much of the Mediterranean world, true end of the Byzantine Empire, Christians fled to Italy bringing their knowledge with them

50
Q

Peter and Catherine the Great

A

(1725) Russian rulers who bring the Enlightenment/ Renaissance to Russia by copying Europe and modernizing the military

51
Q

Syncretism

A

Joining/blending of different religions and schools of thought

52
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

(1543-1687) Galileo, Newton, Copernicus make their scientific discoveries which threaten the Church

53
Q

Maya

A

Dominates the Yucatan peninsula around 300-900. Developed calendar and pictographic written language

54
Q

Aztecs

A

Dominate Mexico with militaristic culture

55
Q

Inca

A

Emerged in Andes, consulted power in 1300 due to surplus of maize and domesticated llamas and alpacas

56
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Founded in 1325, Main city of Aztec empire and home to several million people

57
Q

Machu Picchu

A

Inca citadel with advanced infrastructure

58
Q

Quipus

A

Knotted cords used to record information

59
Q

Montezuma II

A

Led Aztecs in first encounter with Spanish (Hernan Cortes). He is captured and Spanish claim the city. End of the Aztec Empire.

60
Q

Francisco Pizzaro

A

(1533) Spanish conquistador led conquest of Peru. Defeated Inca King Atahualpa. Installed Christianity and took control of the region.

61
Q

Encomienda System

A

Labor System, gave Europeans the “right” to land in the Americas and demanded labor from locals

62
Q

Toussaint L’ouverture

A

Led successful slave rebellion in Haiti, winning independence from French in 1791

Praxis - World History (2 decks)

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