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Praxis - World History > Feudalism Through the Era of Expansion > Flashcards

Feudalism Through the Era of Expansion Flashcards

1
Q

Dark Ages

A

467-1000

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2
Q

Vladimir I

A

Russian Grand Prince who converted to Christianity and ordered his subjects to do the same (988)

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3
Q

Cyrillic Alphabet

A

Used in Slavic languages created by 9th century missionaries

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4
Q

Feudalism

A

Hierarchy where loyalty is given for land and protection

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5
Q

Vassal

A

Pledge their loyalty to lords for land

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6
Q

Fealty

A

Loyalty

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7
Q

Fief

A

Land

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8
Q

Manor

A

Possessed by Lords, but worked by serfs (peasants)

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9
Q

Saxons

A

German people group who invades and conquers Britain (600)

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10
Q

Huns

A

Asian invaders who threated the Germanic Tribes that vied for control in Germany and France

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11
Q

Viking Civilizations

A

Exception to the Chaos of Dark Ages due to their seafaring and technological skills

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12
Q

Erik the Red

A

Viking that traveled with his son, Leif Erikson, to North America

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13
Q

North African Moors

A

Islamic group that became a threat to Christian Europe

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14
Q

Battle of Tours

A

(732) Charles Martel, Leader of the Franks, Defeats the Moors in Gual

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15
Q

Charlemagne

A

Maintained Frankish unity, defended papal states in Italy, Crowned Roman Empire in 800

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16
Q

Carolingian Empire

A

Provided Stability to Christian Europe (800-888), organized the feudal system

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17
Q

Otto I

A

Became Emperor of Holy Roman Empire which stays in power until 1806

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18
Q

William the Conqueror

A

Left France and established Christianity in England (1066)

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19
Q

Sasanians

A

Last Persian imperial dynasty before Muslim conquest of the Middle East

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20
Q

Muhammad

A

Born in 570, receives religious messages from God, writes them down in what becomes the Qur’an. He is driven from Mecca, which he and his followers eventually reconquer

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21
Q

Abu Bakr

A

First Caliph (leader of Islamic state), conquers land in Byzantine Empire. Chosen over Ali

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22
Q

Ali

A

Husband of Muhammad’s oldest daughter, many people believed he should be the leader of the Islamic state since Muhammad had no sons and wanted a blood relative. Finally chosen as 4th Caliph.

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23
Q

Shi’a

A

Muslim group that follows Shi’ite Islam, believes the leader of the Islamic state should be a blood relative of Muhammad

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24
Q

First Civil War (Islamic State)

A

(656-661) fought over who should be the next leader, ends with Ali’s murder

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25
Second Civil War (Islamic State)
(680-692) Started due to massacre of Ali's son, Hussein, and his family
26
Umayyad Caliphate
(661) Empire that comes to power after the first four Caliphs
27
Abbasid Caliphate
Overthrew Umayyad, the Caliph professionalized the military to consolidate power (750-1258), stability helped education and knowledge advance
28
Mamluks
Freed Slaves that were trained as soldiers by the Caliph, Al-Mutasim, helped him gain power
29
Sung Dynasty
(960-1276) Chinese dynasty that marked the start of what is commonly though of as Chinese culture (tea and rice), also established sea and land trade
30
Hajj
Islamic tradition of pilgrimage to Mecca, increased cultural interactions
31
Mali Empire
Islamic empire based in Timbuktu, center of learning and commerce
32
Pope Urban II
1095 asked by Byzantine Empire to protect Jerusalem from Islamic invasion, told Lords and knights that they could keep the land won and offered indulgences
33
Fatimids
Caliphate that ruled Syria and Egypt from 910-1171, Shi'ite group
34
Abd Al-Rahman III
(891-961) Went against Fatimids and Abbasids. took Spain and developed Hispano-Arabic culture with focus on intellectual pursuits
35
First Crusade
European Christians unite to defeat Muslims (1099, but continues for many centuries)
36
Salah Al-Din
Kurdish military leader who abolished the Fatimid caliphate, reconquered Jerusalem, and drove Christians out for good (1187)
37
Hundred Year's War
(1337-1453) War between France and England over territory and who was the Legitimate successor the French Crown. In 1453 England lost last territory in France to King Charles VII
38
Reconquista
(722-1492) Expansion of Christian kingdom throughout Hispania, many small kingdoms are fighting for power, in 1492 marriage of Ferdinand of Castilla to Isabella of Aragon united Spain
39
Tang Dynasty
(690-705) Closed Chinas borders so silk road trade declined
40
Mongol Empire
(1206-1368) Expanded through all of Eurasia with great abilities in horsemanship, destroyed China
41
Genghis Khan
Leader of the Mongol Empire that united the nomadic tribes
42
Kublai Khan
Genghis Khan's grandson, founded the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in 1271 in China. Kept most of Song Dynasty ideas, but got rid of Confucianism
43
Ming Dynasty
Native Chinese dynasty that takes over Yuan in 1368
44
Ivan the Great
Took Moscow from Mongol to Russian Control (1480) gaining Moscow's independence
45
Ivan the Terrible
(1530-1584) Expanded Russia Further, Strengthened Russian Orthodox Christianity reorganized military (merit over status), earned reputation as despotic ruler
46
Babur
Descendent of Timur (Mongolian leader) founded the Mughal Empire of India, gained support from Ottoman Empire. Mughal Empire ruled until British took over in 1857
47
Qing Dynasty
in 1644 Manchu (non-Han) Chinese sized Bejing and formed this dynasty. First leader, Kangxi Emperor, promoted arts and education.
48
Safavids
Emerged in Persia in the wake of Timurid Empire (1501-1736), enemy of the Ottomans.
49
Battle of Kosovo
(1389) Ottomans took over much of the Mediterranean world, true end of the Byzantine Empire, Christians fled to Italy bringing their knowledge with them
50
Peter and Catherine the Great
(1725) Russian rulers who bring the Enlightenment/ Renaissance to Russia by copying Europe and modernizing the military
51
Syncretism
Joining/blending of different religions and schools of thought
52
Scientific Revolution
(1543-1687) Galileo, Newton, Copernicus make their scientific discoveries which threaten the Church
53
Maya
Dominates the Yucatan peninsula around 300-900. Developed calendar and pictographic written language
54
Aztecs
Dominate Mexico with militaristic culture
55
Inca
Emerged in Andes, consulted power in 1300 due to surplus of maize and domesticated llamas and alpacas
56
Tenochtitlan
Founded in 1325, Main city of Aztec empire and home to several million people
57
Machu Picchu
Inca citadel with advanced infrastructure
58
Quipus
Knotted cords used to record information
59
Montezuma II
Led Aztecs in first encounter with Spanish (Hernan Cortes). He is captured and Spanish claim the city. End of the Aztec Empire.
60
Francisco Pizzaro
(1533) Spanish conquistador led conquest of Peru. Defeated Inca King Atahualpa. Installed Christianity and took control of the region.
61
Encomienda System
Labor System, gave Europeans the "right" to land in the Americas and demanded labor from locals
62
Toussaint L'ouverture
Led successful slave rebellion in Haiti, winning independence from French in 1791

Praxis - World History (2 decks)

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