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6th Grade > Feudalism, Knighthood, & Crusades > Flashcards

Feudalism, Knighthood, & Crusades Flashcards

1
Q

When the nobles of continental Europe fortified their estates against the Viking invaders, what did the local peasants offer the nobles in return for their protection?

A
  1. Tracts of Land

2. Work In the Fields

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2
Q

Who did a Knight lease land from?

A

A Noble

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3
Q

What is another word for a Noble

A

A Lord

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4
Q

What is the name of a Knight who leased land called?

A

A Vassal

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5
Q

What was the plot of land leased (for military service) by the Knight called?

A

A Fief

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6
Q

What was the relationship between lords and vassals and peasants called?

A

The Feudal System

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7
Q

Who owned all the land in a Kingdom?

A

The King

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8
Q

What was structure of land ownership in a feudal society

A

King - Counts/Barons (Tennants in Chief) - Knights and Nobles

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9
Q

When a vassal received a fief, what was the name of the ceremony where the vassal promised to fight for the noble called?

A

A Homage

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10
Q

What was the Vassal’s/Knight’s main responsibilities?

A

1) Military service to the Lord

2) Military protection for the peasants

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11
Q

What was the Lord’s responsibility?

A

1) Protect vassals land from invading armies

2) Collect Taxes

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12
Q

Who invaded and brought the feudal system to England?

A

William The Conqueror

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13
Q

Henry II changed feudal system through the practice of “scutage”? What was different about scutage?

A

Vassals paid money to Lord instead of military service

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14
Q

Scutage led to the development of what military practice by Kings?

A

National Armies

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15
Q

Estates owned by Lords were called?

A

Manors

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16
Q

How much land did Lords lease to peasants?

A

2/3

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17
Q

What did peasants give to the Lords in return for use of the land?

A

harvested crops

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18
Q

What were peasants called in the feudal system?

A

Serfs

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19
Q

What grains were staples of the Serfs diet?

A

Rye and Barley

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20
Q

What was the name of the person who ran the lord’s mill and ground the grains into flour?

A

Miller

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21
Q

Each manor had a court. Who oversaw and ran the court at each manor?

A

The Lord of the Manor

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22
Q

Early castles included what features?

A

Moat, motte, and bailey

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23
Q

Stone castles included what features?

A

Moat, drawbridge, gatehouse, curtain (walls), keep, Great Hall

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24
Q

A long attack against a castle was know as a ___________?

A

A Siege

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25
Q

What are some siege weapons used to destroy castle walls and gates?

A

Battering Ram, Trebuchet, Ballista, Tunnels

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26
Q

In the feudal system when a father died, who inherited the land?

A

Eldest Son

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27
Q

What career choices did the non-eldest sons of Lord and Nobles have?

A

Clergy or Knight-Errant

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28
Q

What did early Knights wear into battle?

A

Chain-mail, helmet, leather gambeson

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29
Q

What did later Knights wear into battle?

A

Suit of Armor

30
Q

What are Knights weapons?

A

Sword, Battle Axe, Hammer, Flail, Mace

31
Q

What was the name of a Knight’s War Horse?

A

Destrier

32
Q

What were important advancements for riding horses into medieval battles?

A

HorseShoe, Stirrups, Saddle

33
Q

What is a coat of arms?

A

A crest worn by a Knight that is unique and symbolic

34
Q

What was a young knight called during his first part of training. This usually started at age 7?

A

A Page

35
Q

Upon completion of training as a Page, what did a Knight in training become?

A

A Squire

36
Q

At what age did a Squire become a Knight?

A

20

37
Q

Where did Knights practice their fighting skills?

A

Tournaments of jousts

38
Q

What was the Code Of Chivalry?

A

Rules of Good Behavior for a knight

39
Q

Why was Code of Chivalry needed?

A

Knights were often cruel, rough, and obnoxious

40
Q

What were Troubadors?

A

Poets and Musicians who wrote about heroic deeds of Knights

41
Q

What was the most famous example of an epic troubador song?

A

The Song of Roland about Charlemagne

42
Q

What was another famous epic troubador poem about a King of England?

A

King Arthur and Knights of Roundtable

43
Q

What was the name of the search for the last chalice used in the Last Supper called?

A

Search For The Holy Grail

44
Q

Exclusive clubs of Knights founded by Kings in late Middle Ages were called?

A

Orders of Chivalry

45
Q

When did Arab Muslims first conquer Palestine and gain control of Jerusalem?

A

638

46
Q

Did Arab Muslims allow Christians to visit holy sites in Jerusalem?

A

Yes

47
Q

When did Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem?

A

1076

48
Q

Why did Alexius I, ruler of Byzantium appeal to Western Church to help him?

A

Turks, known as Saracens, were preparing to invade Constantinople

49
Q

When did Pope Urban II make appeal for 1st Crusade to remove Saracens from Holy Lands?

A

1095 at Council of Clermont

50
Q

What did the Pope promise?

A

Property would be protected. All debts would be forgiven. If you died, you would go to Heaven

51
Q

When did Orthodox Church of Constantinople split with Roman Catholic Church?

A

1095

52
Q

What were people who went to conquer Jerusalem called?

A

Crusaders

53
Q

When did the first crusade occur?

A

1096 - 1099

54
Q

Why did it take 3 years for Crusaders to reach Jerusalem?

A

Long Way, Poor Supplies, No Local Support, Different Climate

55
Q

What did Crusaders do when they finally entered Jerusalem on June 7, 1099?

A

Massacred everyone

56
Q

Who was titled “Defender of the Holy Sepulcher”?

A

Godfrey of Bouillon

57
Q

What was the name of the feudal territories conquered by crusaders?

A

Outremer (Kingdom Beyond The Sea)

58
Q

What group was formed to protect travelers to the Holy Land but really just started killing all non-Christians?

A

Templars

59
Q

What good things did Templars establish?

A

Network of Castles throughout Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Banking System

60
Q

What other group was established to help travelers to Holy Land?

A

Hospitallers

61
Q

When was the 2nd Crusade?

A

1147 - 1149

62
Q

Who led the 2nd Crusade?

A

French King Louis VII and Conrad III

63
Q

When was the 3rd Crusade?

A

1189 - 1192

64
Q

Who united the Muslims in the Middle East in 1174?

A

Saladin

65
Q

When did Saladin capture Jerusalem?

A

1187

66
Q

Who led the 3rd Crusade for Christians?

A

King Richard of England

67
Q

What ended the 3rd Crusade?

A

Treaty between Richard and Saladin. Richard had to return to England because King Philip of France was planning on seizing the throne.

68
Q

When Richard went back to England what happened on journey back?

A

Held ransom by Leopold of Austria for $100,000 silver marks

69
Q

When did the 4th Crusade happen?

A

1204

70
Q

Instead of attacking Jerusalem, what did Crusaders attack?

A

Zara and Constantinople

71
Q

Who benefitted most from 4th Crusade? and why?

A

Venetians. They had a trading monopoly on the Mediterranean Sea.

72
Q

What were effects of first 3 crusades?

A
  1. Trends imported back from Muslim Culture - learning, science, mathematics
  2. Venice become major trading port across Europe
  3. Fighting in the East allowed nation states in West to grow in power (France, England) as Kings grabbed more power from Knights.

6th Grade (13 decks)

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