Fetal Spine (lesson 22) Flashcards
When can you visualize the 3 ossifications of the spine in TRV plane?
16th weeks
Where do the two posterior spine ossifications lie?
In the laminae
The anterior ossification lies within which part of the spine?
vertebral body
Where does the conus medullaris image in the second and third trimester?
L2, L3
What are the 3 determinations of spinal normalcy?
- intact neural canal
- normal location and shape of spinal ossification centers
- intact dorsal skin contour
When will you see a higher level of AFP?
During structural defects, such as anencephaly or spina bifida
How long is the process of the neural tube formation?
2 days, cannot be disrupted or bad stuff happens
What are the two types of spina bidifa defects?
Ventral defect and dorsal defect
What is a ventral defect for spina bifida?
Vertebral body splitting and a neurogenic-origin cystic structure, happens higher in the spine
What is a dorsal defect for spina bifida?
Subdivisions of open and closed forms (defect not covered by skin - open; defect covered by skin - closed)
Closed spina bifida is also known as?
Spina bifida occulta
What is spina bifida occulta?
This type of spina bifida has a skin covering and is not noticeable on the surface, except for a small dimple or tuft of hair; usually a finding without consequence. Often at the sacrolumbar version.
What is spina bifida aperta?
Open spina bifida, a full thickness defect of the skin, underlying soft tissue and vertebral arches which exposes the neural canal
What (3 factors) plays a definitive role in causes of NTD?
genetic factors, environmental factors, nutritional factors
Second trimester hydrocephalus occurs ALL THE TIME in what?
Neonates with spina bifida aperta
What does the appearance of a normal cerebellum and cisterna magna exlude?
Myelomeningocele
What sort of abnormality is the combination of lateral and anterior curvature?
Kyphoscoliosis
What is a lateral displacement of the atnerior ossification center?
Scioliosis
What is caudal regression syndrome?
A heterogeneous group of congenital anomlaies affecting the caudal spine and spinal cord, the hindgut, the UG system, and the lower limbs
What is the sonographic appearance of Caudal Regression Syndrome?
SAG and TRV views of spine uncover vertebral absence, fused iliac wings, decreased femoral head distance, short femurs, and club feet
Where is the most common location for a teratoma in the fetus?
Sacrococcygeal (caudal end)
What is the most common neoplasm in the newborn?
Teratoma
Do sacrococcygeal teratomas happen more frequently in male or females?
Females
What does a Sacrococcygeal Termatoma look like on US?
The tumor mass images as a protrusion between the anus and coccyx, may be solid or complex
