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CMED212 > Fetal Growth And Dvlpment > Flashcards

Fetal Growth And Dvlpment Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal medicine

A

Assessment of fetal growth and maturity
Evaluation of fetal well being or distress
Assessment of the effects of drugs administered to the mother
Assessment of the effects of maternal disease to the fetus
ID and when possible treatment of fetal disease or anomalies

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2
Q

Ultrasound indications

A 
Estimation of gestational age
Assessment of amniotic fluid volume
Estimation of fetal weight and growth
Determination of the location of the placenta and the number of fetus
Identification of congenital anomalies
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3
Q

Hastens the detection of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)

A

Serial determinations of growth velocity

Head to abdomen circumference ratio

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4
Q

Biophysical profile consist of

A

Fetal breathing
Body movements
Tone
Amniotic fluid volume

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5
Q

Fetal growth can be assessed as early as what AOG and measuring of?

A

6-8 weeks; crown rump length

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6
Q

At what trimester is the most accurate assessment of gestational age

A

1st trimester

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7
Q

Biparietal diameter is used to assess gestational age beginning at what trimester?

A

2nd trimester

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8
Q

Methods used to assess gestational age closer to term include?

A

Abdominal circumference

Femoral length

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9
Q

If only single ultrasound can be obtained, on what week of gestation should it be done?

A

18-20 weeks

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10
Q

Usually assessed by history (LMP), PE, ausculation of fetal heart sounds, maternal perception of fetal movements, fundal height, ultrasound

A

Fetal maturity and dating

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11
Q

___ days after the LPM is the expected date of confinement

A

280 days

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12
Q

At what week can auscultation of fetal heart sound can be done

A

16-18 weeks

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13
Q

At what week is the maternal perception of fetal movement

A

18-20 week

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14
Q

Most accurate fetal maturity and dating because the specific fertilization time can be determined

A

Assisted reproductive technology (ART)

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15
Q

Antepartum surveillance is warranted for women who are?

A 
At risk for fetal death
History of still birth
Oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
Multiple gestation
Rh sensitization
Hypertensive disorders
DM
Decreased fetal movement
Preterm labor
Preterm rupture of mem
Post term preg
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16
Q

The most predominant cause of antepartum fetal distress is

A

Uteroplacental insufficiency

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17
Q

Uteroplacental insufficiency can be manifested as

A

Intrauterine growth restriction
Fetal hypoxia
Increased vascular resistance in fetal blood vessels
Mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis

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18
Q

The goals of antepartum fetal surveillance

A

Prevent intrauterine fetal demise
Prevent hypoxic brain injury
Prolong gestation

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19
Q

The most commonly used noninvasive test; test for fetal distress and hypoxia

A

Nonstress test (NST)
Full and modified biophysical profile (BPP)
Contraction stress test (CST)

20
Q

The maternal serum alpha fetoprotein concentration is elevated in

A

Twins, neural tube defects, intestinal atresia, hepatitis, nephrosis, fetal demise, incorrect gestational age

21
Q

Reduced maternal serum afp is seen in

A

Trisomies

Aneuploidy

22
Q

Method to do if there is an increased risk of preterm birth

A

Fetal fibronectin

23
Q

Monitors the presence of fetal heart rate acceleration that follow fetal movement

A

Non stress test

24
Q

Reactive (normal) NST

A

2 fetal heart rate acceleration of atleast 15 beats/min lasting 15 sec

25
Q

Observes the fetal heart rate response to spontaneous, nipple-stimulated or oxytocin-stimulated uterine contactions

A

Contraction stress test

26
Q

Majority of contractions in 10 min are followed by late decelerations in CST

A

Fetal compromise

27
Q

Contraindication of CST

A 
Women with preterm premature rapture of membranes
Previous uterine scar
Multiple gestations
Incompetent cervix
Placenta previa
28
Q

NormL fetal heart rate

A

110-160 bpm

29
Q

Fetal compromise during labor may be detected by

A

Monitoring the FHR, uterine pressure, fetal scalp blood ph

30
Q

Signs of progressive compromise seen on doppler US include?

A

Reduce, absent or reversed diastolic wave form velocity in the fetal aorta or umbilical artery

31
Q

A score of 8-10 in the BPP

A

Normal, reassuring

32
Q

A score of 6 in the BPP

A

Equivocal, retest should be done in 12-24 hrs

33
Q

A score of 4 or less in the BPP

A

Immediate evaluation And possible delivery

34
Q

Detects abnormal cardiac patterns by instruments that compute the beat to beat fetal heart rate from a fetal electrocardiograph signal

A

Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring

35
Q

Tachycardia is associated with

A 
Fetal hypoxia
Maternal fever
Maternal hyperthyroidism
Maternal beta-sympathomimetic drug or atropine therapy
Fetal anemia
Infection
Some fetal arrhythmias
36
Q

Fetal bradychardia

A

Fetal hypoxia
Placental transfer of local anesthetic agents
beta adrenergic blocking agents
Heart block with or without CHD

37
Q

Classification of variability of FHR if an amplitude change is undetectable

A

Absence of variability

38
Q

If amplitude range is <5 beats/min

A

Minimal variability

39
Q

If amplitude range is 6-25 beats/min

A

Moderate variablity

40
Q

If amplitude range is >25 beats/min

A

Marked variability

41
Q

Are associated with umbilical cord compression and are characterized by a V or U shaped pattern

A

Variable decelerations

42
Q

Are associated with fetal hypoxemia (uteroplacental insufficiency, compression of vessels) and the onset is after a uterine contraction

A

Late deceleration

43
Q

An abrupt increase in FHR >15 bpm in >15 sec

A

Acceleration

44
Q

Signs and symptoms of edwards syndrome

A 
Intellectual disability
Congenital heart defects
Low set of ears
Flexion of fingers and hands
Micrognathia
Renal anomalies
Syndactyl
Malformations of the skeletal system
45
Q

Signs and symptoms of patau’s syndrome

A 
Intellectual disability
Holoprosencephaly
CHD
Deafness
CLEFTLIP AND PALATE

CMED212 (7 decks)

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