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obstetrics > fetal and obstetric imaging > Flashcards

fetal and obstetric imaging Flashcards

1
Q

indications of utz

A 
locating pregnancy
identifying number of embryos
aiding in prenatal diagnosis
estimating gestational age
evaluating suspected trophoblastic ds
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2
Q

what to look for in utz?

A 
gestational sac, shape, location and number
presence/absence of embryo
CRL & YS
presence/absence of fetal cardiac motion w/ m-mode
measure YS AP diameter, check shape
evaluate for subchorionic hemorrhage
evaluate adnexal mass
document presence/absence of free fluid
document length & status of cervix
measure nuchal translucency
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3
Q

utz findings of early pregnancy

A 
GS
MSD
YS
fetal pole
CRL
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4
Q

confirming intrauterine gestation (3)

A

double decidual sign
intradecidual sign
double bleb sign

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5
Q

first sign of early pregnancy on TVS at approx. 3-5 wks when MSD is 2-3mm

A

GS

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6
Q

true GS can be distinguished from pseudogestational sac by?

A

normal eccentric location and embedded in endometrium

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7
Q

double decidual sign is seen at _wks?

A

4.5-5 wks

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8
Q

YS is seen at _wks?

A

5.5 wks

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9
Q

discriminatory hCG with TVS vs TAS

A

TVS: 1000-2000 IU/L
TAS: >6500 IU/L

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10
Q

MSD is seen at _wks?

A

3 wks

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11
Q

MSD >25mm w/ absent fetal pole interpretation

A

pregnancy failure

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12
Q

MSD 16-24mm w/o embryo interpretation

A

suspicious pregnancy failure

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13
Q

MSD 8mm, YS should be visible, absence of YS is an indication of pregnancy failure, T or F?

A

false (absence of YS is not an indication of pregnancy failure)

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14
Q

first anatomical structure identified w/in GS

A

YS

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15
Q

site of initial hematopoiesis

A

YS

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16
Q

YS involutes at _wks and undetectable after _wks

A

11 wks

14-20 wks

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17
Q

appear circular thick-walled echogenic structure w/ an anechoic center w/in GS but outside amniotic membrane

A

YS

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18
Q

YS is seen in TVS at _wks while in TAS at _wks

A

TVS: 5.5 wks (MSD 8-10m)
TAS: 7 wks (MSD 20mm)

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19
Q

first direct imaging manifestation of fetus

A

fetal pole

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20
Q

seen as thickening on the margin of YS

A

fetal pole

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21
Q

fetal pole is seen in TVS at _wks while in TAS at _wks

A

TVS: 6 wks (MSD >16mm)
TAS: 6.5 wks (MSD >25mm)

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22
Q

most accurate estimation of gestational age in early pregnancy

A

CRL

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23
Q

CRL is used as primary measure of gestational age at _wks

A

7-13 wks

24
Q

cardiac activity should be present in embryo w/ CRL _mm

A

> 7mm

25
Q

findings confirming dx of IUP

A

DDS at 4.5-5 wks
GS + YS at 5 wks
GS + YS + embryo at 5.5-6 wks
CRL>5mm + FHT

26
Q

initially eccentric, rounded or oval fluid filled collections seen at 4.5-5 wks

A

DDS

27
Q

visualization of GS containing YS & AS giving appearance of two bubbles

A

DBS

28
Q

threshold & discriminatory level of IDSS

A

T: 24 days AOG
D: 47 days AOG

29
Q

this occurs when there is perigestational hemorrhage & blood collects between uterine wall and chorionic membrane.
frequent cause of 1st & 2nd trim. bleeding

A

subchorionic hemorrhage

30
Q

this is the normal fluid-filled SQ spaceidentified at the back of the fetal neck during late 1st trim. & early 2nd trim.

A

nuchal translucency

31
Q

conditions associated w/ NT thickening

A 
aneuploidy
trisomies
turner syndrome
non-aneuploidy structural defects & syndromes
congenital heart ds
noonan syndrome
congenital diaphragmatic herniation
omphalocele
skeletal dysplasia
smith-lemli-opitz syndrome
VACTERL association
miscarruage
Parvo B19
32
Q

at what wks is considered a routine investigation advised for NT scan?

A

11-13 wks

33
Q

what are the 3 traditionally used factors to calculate the risk of trisomies

A

CRL
NT
FHR

34
Q

what are the 3 additional markers used to increase detection rate & reduce false-positive rate

A

nasal bone
DV flow
tricuspid flow

35
Q

most accurate reflection of gestational age in 2nd trim.

A

BPD

36
Q

BPD low for GA interpretation

A

dolicocephaly

37
Q

BPD high for GA interpretation

A

brachycephaly

38
Q

correct plane for BPD & HC must include the ff (3)

A

cavum septum pellucidum
thalamus
choroid plexus in atrium of lateral ventricles

39
Q

reflects growth of intraabdominal organs as well as fetal weight/size

A

AC

40
Q

AC measures peripheral circumference of fetal abdomen excluding the SQ tissue, T or F?

A

false (including the SQ tissue)

41
Q

landmarks of AC (3)

A

portal sectioon of UV
stomach
spine

42
Q

it serves as monitor for growth of long bones

A

FL

43
Q

placenta can be seen as early as _wks in TVS

A

8 wks

44
Q

normal placental aging is by appearances of? (2)

A

hypoechoic areas & calcifications

45
Q

grade of placenta w/c appears as relatively homogenous in echotexture & retroplacental space is hypoechoic

A

normal placenta

46
Q

grade of placenta w/c appears w/ small diffuse calcifications randomly distributed in placenta w/ subtle indentations w/in the chorionic plate

A

grade 1

47
Q

grade of placenta w/c appears w/ larger calcifications & large indentations along the chorionic plate

A

grade 2

48
Q

grade of placenta w/c appears w/ complete indentations along the chorionic plate & more irregular calcifications

A

grade 3

49
Q

this fluid protects fetus from injury; allows growth & fetal mvmt; and essential for normal lung maturation

A

amniotic fluid

50
Q

oligohydramnios is defined as AFI below?

A

5cm

51
Q

causes of oligohydramnios

A

IUGR
urinary tract abnormalities
PROM
postterm

52
Q

polyhydramnios is associated with?

A

maternal DM
GI & CNS anomalies
lethal skeletal dysplasia
chromosomal anomalies

53
Q

polyhydramnios is defined as AFI more than?

A

20cm

54
Q

2nd trim. utz findings

A 
fetal number (amniocity & chorionicity)
fetal cardiac activity
fetal presentation
placental location, appearance
AFV
GA assessment
fetal wt 
fetal anatomical survey
eval of maternal uterus, adnexa, & cervix
55
Q

FL/AC >23.5 suggests?

A

IUGR

56
Q

FL>AC suggests?

A

growth retarded baby

obstetrics (11 decks)

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