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obstetrics > embryogenesis and fetal devt > Flashcards

embryogenesis and fetal devt Flashcards

1
Q

naegale’s rule

A

-3 months and +7 days

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2
Q

how many weeks
first trimester?
second?
third?

A

14 weeks
28 weeks
42 weeks

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3
Q

first 2 weeks after ovulation

A

fertilization

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4
Q

stage 1 (0-2 d)

A

zygote

blastomeres

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5
Q

stage 2 (2-4 d)

A

morula (12-16 cells)

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6
Q

4th-5th d

A

blastocyst (32 cells)

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7
Q

stage 3 & 4 (4-6 d)

A

zona pellucida disappears

implantation of blastocyst

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8
Q

embryonic period

A

primitive chorionic villi

third week after ovulation and fertilization

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9
Q

stage 5 (6-12 d)

A

bilaminar embryo

primary yolk sac

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10
Q

ectoderm

endoderm

A

amnionic cavity

yolk sac cavity

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11
Q

stage 6 & 7 (12-17 d)

A

well defined embryonic disk

differentiated stalk

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12
Q

21 d (7somites)

A

differentiated body stalk
1cm chorionic sac
zipper-like motion somite

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13
Q

22 d (17 somites)

A

true intervillous space

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14
Q

stages 10 & 12

A

3-4 week old embryo
8 & 12 somites (22 &23 d)
16, 27 & 33 somites ( 24-28 d)

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15
Q

end of stage 12 (4th week)

A

c-shaped curvature
arm and leg buds
CV system
primitive heart

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16
Q

end of 6th week

A 
22-24mm embryo
head is large
heart completely formed
fingers and toes are present
arms bend at elbow
upper lip  is complete
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17
Q

8th week

A

fetal period
4cm fetus
growth and maturation

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18
Q

12 weeks

A 
CRL 6-7cm
ossification centers
differentiated toes and fingers
scattered rudiments of hair
external genitalia
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19
Q

16 weeks

A

CRL 12cm
110g
genders can be determined
eye movements

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20
Q

20 weeks

A 
>300g
fetal movement about every minute
palpate height of fetus at umbilicus
downy lanugo
cochlear function
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21
Q

24 weeks

A 
630g
wrinkled skin & fat deposition
eyelashes & eyebrows 
canalicular period of lung devt
nociceptor
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22
Q

28 weeks

A 
CRL 25cm
thin red skin
vernix caseosa
pupillary membrane disappeared
90% survival
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23
Q

32 weeks

A

CRL 28cm

1800g

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24
Q

36 weeks

A

CRL 32cm
2500g
body more rotund
wrinkled face disappear

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25
Q

40 weeks

A

CRL 36cm
3400g
term
fetus fully developed

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26
Q 
fetal head measurement
occipitofrontal?
biparietal?
bitemporal?
occipitomental?
suboccipitobregmatic?
A 
occipitofrontal - 11.5cm
biparietal - 9.5cm
bitemporal - 8cm
occipitomental - 12.5cm
suboccipitobregmatic - 9.5cm
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27
Q

anterior fontanel

posterior fontanel

A

diamond (sagittal & coronal)

triangle (sagittal & lambdoid)

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28
Q

week?
fetal brain
gyral formation and prolif, diff, and migration

A

20-24 wks

29
Q

fetal circulation

A

oxygenated blood, UV (ligamentum teres) > umbilicus > ductus venosus > IVC > oxy RA > foramen ovale > oxy LA > oxy in LV > heart & brain > > deoxy from IVC & SVC > deoxy RA > deoxy RV > deoxy PA > ductus arteriosus > desc. aorta > hypogastric artery > UA (umbilical ligaments) > placenta

30
Q

3 shunts of fetal circulation (changes)

A 
ductus venosus (ligamentum venosum)
foramen ovale (f. close several hrs; a. fusion 1yr; atrial septum)
ductus arteriosus (f. close 10-95hrs; a. close 2-3wks; ligamentum arteriosum; bet. PA & aorta)
31
Q

how many times is fetal CO than that of adult?

A

3x

32
Q

fetal hematopoiesis

A

yolk sac
liver
bone marrow
hgb 12g/dL at midpregnancy to 18g/dL at term

33
Q

fetal erythropoiesis

A

fetal EPO since maternal EPO cannot cross placenta

liver

34
Q

fetal blood volume

A

80mL/kg after cord clamping

125mL/kg at term

35
Q

3 major fetal hgb

A 
hgb F (2 gamma)
hgb A (32-34wks; 2 beta)
hgb A2 (mature fetus; 2 delta)
36
Q

fetal coagulation factor

A

2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 3

37
Q

fetal coagulation factor

A

2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 3

38
Q

Ig G

A

16 wks

bulk at last 4 wks

39
Q

Ig M

A

intrauterine infx

40
Q

Ig A

A

colostrum

41
Q

lymphocytes and monocytes

A

9 wks - liver
12 wks - blood and spleen
14 wks - leaves thymus

42
Q

nervous system

A

24 wks - S1
birth - L3
adult - L1

43
Q

rudimentary taste bud;

ACTH

A

7th wk

44
Q 
synaptic fx;
flexion on neck and trunk;
glucagon;
insulin containing granules;
leydig prod. testosterone
A

8th wk

45
Q 
squinting, opening of mouth, incomplete finger closure;
swallowing;
testis prod. testosterone;
mullerian duct regression;
cardinal ligament
A

10th wk

46
Q 
mature receptors of taste buds;
detectable insulin;
urine production;
50mL amniotic fluid prod. by amniotic membrane;
GH & LH (13th wk);
GFR <0.1mL/min
A

12th wk

47
Q

respiration;
trypsin, chymotrypsin, phospholipase A & lipase;
loop of henle
male external genital diff. complete

A

14-16th wk

48
Q

suck

A

24th wk

49
Q

hears some sound

A

24-26th wk

50
Q

eyes sensitive to ligh

A

28th wk

51
Q

ear devt;

400mL amniotic fluid by fetal urine

A

midpregnancy

52
Q

integration of nervous and muscular fx

A

3rd trimester

53
Q

SI undergo peristalsis and transport glucose;
oxytocin & AVP;
thyroid hormone

A

10-12 wks

54
Q

fetal cholesterol from?

A

hepatic synthesis

55
Q

urine 7-14mL/d

A

18th wk

56
Q

amniotic fluid 1000mL

A

36-38 wks

57
Q

pseudoglandular stage (intersegmental growth)

A

5-7th wk

58
Q

canalicular stage (respiratory bronchioles)

A

16-25th wk

59
Q

terminal sac stage (terminal sac)

A

> 25th wk

60
Q

alveolar stage

A

32 wks

61
Q

surfactant

A 
type II pneumocytes
keep terminal sac from collapsing during breathing
90% lipid; 10% protein
DPPC - principal active component
lecithins (80% of glycerophospholipids)
SP-A - major apoprotein
62
Q

synthesize & store all pituitary hormone

A

end of 17th wk

63
Q

TSH, thyroxine, TBG;
mesonephros degenerates;
female external genital diff. complete

A

11 wks

64
Q

pronephros (first kidney)

A

2 wks

65
Q

mesonephros (middle kidney);

uterus & tube ariase from mullerian ducts

A

5 wks

66
Q

metanephros

A

permanent kidney

67
Q

GFR 0.3mL/min

A

20th wk

68
Q

urine 650mL/d

A

term

69
Q 
origin:
female genital tract
fallopian tube
broad ligament (19th wk)
urinary bladder
gartner's duct
ovarian ligament
round ligament
A

female genital tract - paramesonephric duct
fallopian tube - cephalad of paramesonephric duct
broad ligament - paramesonephric duct pulled away from posterior body wall
urinary bladder - urogenital sinus
gartner’s duct - caudal of mesonephric duct
ovarian ligament - proximal of gubernaculum
round ligament - distal of of gubernaculum

obstetrics (11 decks)

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