fertilisers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the essential elements in fertilisers?

A

Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)

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2
Q

What is a fertiliser?

A

A fertiliser is a substance which restores elements to the soil.

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3
Q

What are the main compounds in fertilisers that provide the essential elements?

A

Ammonium Salts (NH4 Cl)
Potassium Salts
Nitrates
Phosphates

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4
Q

How do you make ammonia in the lab?

A

React any ammonium salt with any alkali.
KOH + NH4 Cl ——-> KCl + H20 + NH3

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5
Q

What is the Haber process?

A

The production of ammonia by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen.

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6
Q

What are the conditions for the Haber process?

A

Iron catalyst
High pressure
Moderate temperature

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7
Q

What’s the equation for the Haber process?

A

N2(g) + 3H2(g) <——-> 2NH3(g)

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8
Q

What is the Otswald process?

A

This is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia to produce nitric acid requiring a platinum catalyst.

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9
Q

How do you make synthetic fertilisers by neutralisation?

A

Fertilisers can be made by neutralisation using the appropriate base and acid. The salt produced is the fertiliser.
e.g.
NH4 OH + HNO3(aq) —–> NH4 NO3 + H2O

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