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Ferous Flashcards

1
Q

What is pure aluminium

A

Soft

Malleable and ductile

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2
Q

What is cast iron

A

When molten iron is alloyed with more than 2% carbon

Low strength to weight ratio

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3
Q

What is a slag

A

When limestone reacts with Amy impurity in the molten iron and floats to the surface to form a slag layer

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4
Q

What is steel

A

When pure iron is remelted and carbon is introduced
Has a high density 3 times more than aluminium
Susceptible to corrosion

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5
Q

What is steel used for

A

Landing gear

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6
Q

What is carbon used for in alloying steel

A

Primary hardening element

Hardness and tensile strength increase as carbon increase

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7
Q

What is low carbon

A

0.1 - 0.3 carbon
Safety wire
Secondary structures

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8
Q

What is medium Cardin

A

0.3 - 0.5 carbon
Used when machining is required
When surface hardness is required

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9
Q

What is high carbon

A

0.5 - 1.05 carbon
When extreme hardness is required
Springs files and cutting tools

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10
Q

Why is sulphur used in alloying steel

A

Decrease ductility and weld ability

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11
Q

Why is manganese used in alloying steel

A

Contributes to strength and hardness

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12
Q

What dose silicon do to alloying steel

A

De-oxidisers

Get rid of impurity

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13
Q

What dose phosphorus do to alloying steel

A

Increases strength and hardness and corrosion resistance

Decreases ductility

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14
Q

What does nickel do to alloying steel

A

Increases hardenability

Increases strength

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15
Q

What does chromium do to alloying steel

A

Increase corrosion resistance
Increase oxidation resistance
Increase hardenability and improve high temp strength

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16
Q

What does molybdenum do to alloying steel

A

Increase hardenability

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17
Q

What does vanadium do to alloying steel

A

Increase yield strength and the tensile strength

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18
Q

What does titanium do to alloying steel

A

Improves toughness

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19
Q

What is AISI

A

American iron and steel institute

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20
Q

What is the first 2 digit of alloying steel mean

A

The specific primary alloying elements

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21
Q

What does the last 2 digits of alloying steel mean

A

The percentage of carbon

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22
Q

What is SAE

A

Society of automotive engineers

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23
Q

What does tempering do to steel

A

Decrease hardness
Increasing ductility and toughness
Relives stresses

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24
Q

What can be tempered

A

High carbon steels

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25
What is tempering dependent of
``` Temperature Thermos couple controlled ovens Yellow low temp Blue high temp Purplish brown medium temp ```
26
What can not be hardened
Pure iron Wrought iron Low carbon
27
What is hardening
When steel is heated above its critical temperature allowing carbon to disperse uniformly in the iron matrix Then collect rapidly by quenching If quenched to quickly martensite is formed
28
What is the slowest quenching medium
Oil
29
What is the fastest quenching medium
Brine | Salt water
30
What is martensitic
A super saturated solid solution which is too brittle
31
What dose annealing do
Softens steel and relives internal stresses
32
What is annealing
Heating 50F above the upper critical limit and soaking it at this temp Cooled very slowly Makes steel very soft and ductile
33
What is normalising
Heating 100F above its upper critical limit and soaking it | Then cooled at room temperature
34
What does normalising do
Gets rid of internal stresses
35
What is ferrite
Pure iron | BCC
36
What is austenite
FCC | absorbs a lot more carbon than ferrite
37
What is cementite
he higher the carbon content, the more cementite will be present and the harder but more brittle the alloy will be
38
What is pearlite
Two phased Layered Alpha ferrite Cementite
39
What is stainless steel
Corrosion resistance steel Strength Toughness Resistance to high temperature
40
What are the 2 types of stainless steels
Austentic | Martensitic
41
What type of stainless steel most commonly used in aircraft
Austenitic 300
42
What are austenitic steels
200 and 300 series Chromium-nickel Chromium-nickel-manganese
43
How are austenitic steel hardened
Cold-working | Heat treatment
44
What are austenitic steel in the annealed condition
Non magnetic unless cold worked
45
How are austenitic steels formed
heating the steel mixture above the critical range and holding to form a structure called austenite. A controlled period of partial cooling followed by a rapid quench just above the critical range.
46
What is a ferrific
400 series Very low carbon Cannot be harden by heat treatment and quenching due to low carbon
47
What are ferritic steels used aircraft
Pipes and tubing
48
What are the properties of ferritic metals
Excellent corrosion resistance at high temperatures
49
What is a martensitic
400 series | Straight chromium alloy that’s harden intensely if they are allowed to cool rapidly from high temperatures.
50
What is the difference of martensitic
Can be hardened by heat treatment
51
What are martensitic used for in aircraft
Turbine blades applications
52
What are the disadvantages of stainless steel
More difficult to cut Have a high expansion coefficient than other steels Lose there corrosion resistance under high temps
53
Precipitation-hardened stainless steels
``` Contain very little carbon Are solution heat-treated Can he hardened to very high strengths Good crosion resistance Used for Airframe ```
54
High strength low alloy steel
Iron based alloy can be hardened to very high strength | Aircraft landing gear
55
Heat is hydrogen embrittlement
Occurs in various metals Under a load the hydrogen will migrate to the grain boundaries or voids in the metal At high temps the hydrogen reacts with the carbon to from methane which cause a build up of pressure and propagate cracks
56
When dose hydrogen embrittlement increase
When hardness and strength increase
57
Stress and concentrations
Since most steel parts are highly-stressed, localised stress concentrations are undesirable and should always be removed.
58
How to stop hydrogen embrittlement
Baked at 190 degreased for 3 hours
59
How to protect stainless steal
Cadmium plating Zinc spraying Chromate passivising
60
How to protect non-stainless steel
``` Cadmium plating plus a paint finish • Phosphating plus a paint finish • Aluminium spraying • Hard chromium plating • Chemical nickel plating • Silver plating (not in contact with aluminium ```
61
What is more susceptible to corrosion
``` Noble metals Lower number on the galvanic scale Magnesium Zinc Aluminium ```
62
What is less susceptible to corrosion
``` More noble Higher on galvanic scale Platinum Gold Silver ```
63
How is galvanic corrosion measured
How dissimilar metals are
64
What is cAse Harding
When a hard durable surface that is suitable for load bearing Best for low carbon Not suitable for non-ferrous
65
What are the 3 types of carburising
Pack Gas Liquid
66
What is carburising
Carburising produces a thin layer of high carbon steel on the surface of a low carbon steel component
67
What is pack carburising
heating the component up to temperatures of 1700 degrees Fahrenheit whilst it is packed into a carbon rich material such as charcoal. The carbon penetrates the surface of metal causing it to hard
68
What is gas carburising
is similar to pack carburising, but utilises a carbon dioxide rich atmosphere within the oven instead of a carbon rich solid
69
What is liquid carburising
works by heating the metal up in a bath of either sodium cyanide or barium cyanide. Either liquid will provide the necessary carbon to surface harden the metal.
70
What is flame hardening
When the surface layer receive an extra heat treatment compared to the core Heating the surface and quenching it straight after Only on steels less than 0.4 Only after the steel has been normalised
71
What is induction heating
The whole surface is heated simultaneously by induction coil Then quenched with jets of water
72
What is nitriding
Has a better surface finish than carburising Is hardened tempered before surface Harding Heating in ammonia rich environment
73
What does tempering do
Decreases hardness increase ductility and toughness

M6 (13 decks)

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