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M6 > Ferous > Flashcards

Ferous Flashcards

1
Q

What is pure aluminium

A

Soft

Malleable and ductile

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2
Q

What is cast iron

A

When molten iron is alloyed with more than 2% carbon

Low strength to weight ratio

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3
Q

What is a slag

A

When limestone reacts with Amy impurity in the molten iron and floats to the surface to form a slag layer

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4
Q

What is steel

A

When pure iron is remelted and carbon is introduced
Has a high density 3 times more than aluminium
Susceptible to corrosion

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5
Q

What is steel used for

A

Landing gear

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6
Q

What is carbon used for in alloying steel

A

Primary hardening element

Hardness and tensile strength increase as carbon increase

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7
Q

What is low carbon

A

0.1 - 0.3 carbon
Safety wire
Secondary structures

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8
Q

What is medium Cardin

A

0.3 - 0.5 carbon
Used when machining is required
When surface hardness is required

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9
Q

What is high carbon

A

0.5 - 1.05 carbon
When extreme hardness is required
Springs files and cutting tools

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10
Q

Why is sulphur used in alloying steel

A

Decrease ductility and weld ability

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11
Q

Why is manganese used in alloying steel

A

Contributes to strength and hardness

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12
Q

What dose silicon do to alloying steel

A

De-oxidisers

Get rid of impurity

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13
Q

What dose phosphorus do to alloying steel

A

Increases strength and hardness and corrosion resistance

Decreases ductility

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14
Q

What does nickel do to alloying steel

A

Increases hardenability

Increases strength

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15
Q

What does chromium do to alloying steel

A

Increase corrosion resistance
Increase oxidation resistance
Increase hardenability and improve high temp strength

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16
Q

What does molybdenum do to alloying steel

A

Increase hardenability

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17
Q

What does vanadium do to alloying steel

A

Increase yield strength and the tensile strength

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18
Q

What does titanium do to alloying steel

A

Improves toughness

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19
Q

What is AISI

A

American iron and steel institute

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20
Q

What is the first 2 digit of alloying steel mean

A

The specific primary alloying elements

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21
Q

What does the last 2 digits of alloying steel mean

A

The percentage of carbon

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22
Q

What is SAE

A

Society of automotive engineers

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23
Q

What does tempering do to steel

A

Decrease hardness
Increasing ductility and toughness
Relives stresses

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24
Q

What can be tempered

A

High carbon steels

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25
Q

What is tempering dependent of

A 
Temperature 
Thermos couple controlled ovens 
Yellow low temp 
Blue high temp 
Purplish brown medium temp
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26
Q

What can not be hardened

A

Pure iron
Wrought iron
Low carbon

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27
Q

What is hardening

A

When steel is heated above its critical temperature allowing carbon to disperse uniformly in the iron matrix
Then collect rapidly by quenching
If quenched to quickly martensite is formed

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28
Q

What is the slowest quenching medium

A

Oil

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29
Q

What is the fastest quenching medium

A

Brine

Salt water

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30
Q

What is martensitic

A

A super saturated solid solution which is too brittle

31
Q

What dose annealing do

A

Softens steel and relives internal stresses

32
Q

What is annealing

A

Heating 50F above the upper critical limit and soaking it at this temp
Cooled very slowly
Makes steel very soft and ductile

33
Q

What is normalising

A

Heating 100F above its upper critical limit and soaking it

Then cooled at room temperature

34
Q

What does normalising do

A

Gets rid of internal stresses

35
Q

What is ferrite

A

Pure iron

BCC

36
Q

What is austenite

A

FCC

absorbs a lot more carbon than ferrite

37
Q

What is cementite

A

he higher the carbon content, the more cementite will be present and the harder but more brittle the alloy will be

38
Q

What is pearlite

A

Two phased
Layered
Alpha ferrite
Cementite

39
Q

What is stainless steel

A

Corrosion resistance steel
Strength
Toughness
Resistance to high temperature

40
Q

What are the 2 types of stainless steels

A

Austentic

Martensitic

41
Q

What type of stainless steel most commonly used in aircraft

A

Austenitic 300

42
Q

What are austenitic steels

A

200 and 300 series
Chromium-nickel
Chromium-nickel-manganese

43
Q

How are austenitic steel hardened

A

Cold-working

Heat treatment

44
Q

What are austenitic steel in the annealed condition

A

Non magnetic unless cold worked

45
Q

How are austenitic steels formed

A

heating the steel mixture above the critical range and holding to form a structure called austenite. A controlled period of partial cooling
followed by a rapid quench just above the critical range.

46
Q

What is a ferrific

A

400 series
Very low carbon
Cannot be harden by heat treatment and quenching due to low carbon

47
Q

What are ferritic steels used aircraft

A

Pipes and tubing

48
Q

What are the properties of ferritic metals

A

Excellent corrosion resistance at high temperatures

49
Q

What is a martensitic

A

400 series

Straight chromium alloy that’s harden intensely if they are allowed to cool rapidly from high temperatures.

50
Q

What is the difference of martensitic

A

Can be hardened by heat treatment

51
Q

What are martensitic used for in aircraft

A

Turbine blades applications

52
Q

What are the disadvantages of stainless steel

A

More difficult to cut
Have a high expansion coefficient than other steels
Lose there corrosion resistance under high temps

53
Q

Precipitation-hardened stainless steels

A 
Contain very little carbon 
Are solution heat-treated 
Can he hardened to very high strengths
Good crosion resistance 
Used for Airframe
54
Q

High strength low alloy steel

A

Iron based alloy can be hardened to very high strength

Aircraft landing gear

55
Q

Heat is hydrogen embrittlement

A

Occurs in various metals
Under a load the hydrogen will migrate to the grain boundaries or voids in the metal
At high temps the hydrogen reacts with the carbon to from methane which cause a build up of pressure and propagate cracks

56
Q

When dose hydrogen embrittlement increase

A

When hardness and strength increase

57
Q

Stress and concentrations

A

Since most steel parts are highly-stressed, localised stress concentrations are undesirable and should always be removed.

58
Q

How to stop hydrogen embrittlement

A

Baked at 190 degreased for 3 hours

59
Q

How to protect stainless steal

A

Cadmium plating
Zinc spraying
Chromate passivising

60
Q

How to protect non-stainless steel

A 
Cadmium plating plus a paint finish
• Phosphating plus a paint finish
• Aluminium spraying
• Hard chromium plating
• Chemical nickel plating
• Silver plating (not in contact with aluminium
61
Q

What is more susceptible to corrosion

A 
Noble metals 
Lower number on the galvanic scale 
Magnesium 
Zinc 
Aluminium
62
Q

What is less susceptible to corrosion

A 
More noble 
Higher on galvanic scale 
Platinum 
Gold
Silver
63
Q

How is galvanic corrosion measured

A

How dissimilar metals are

64
Q

What is cAse Harding

A

When a hard durable surface that is suitable for load bearing
Best for low carbon
Not suitable for non-ferrous

65
Q

What are the 3 types of carburising

A

Pack
Gas
Liquid

66
Q

What is carburising

A

Carburising produces a thin layer of high carbon steel on the surface of a low carbon steel component

67
Q

What is pack carburising

A

heating the component up to temperatures of 1700 degrees Fahrenheit whilst it is packed into a carbon rich material such as charcoal. The carbon penetrates the surface of metal causing it to hard

68
Q

What is gas carburising

A

is similar to pack carburising, but utilises a carbon dioxide rich atmosphere within the oven instead of a carbon rich solid

69
Q

What is liquid carburising

A

works by heating the metal up in a bath of either sodium cyanide or barium cyanide. Either liquid will provide the necessary carbon to surface harden the metal.

70
Q

What is flame hardening

A

When the surface layer receive an extra heat treatment compared to the core
Heating the surface and quenching it straight after
Only on steels less than 0.4
Only after the steel has been normalised

71
Q

What is induction heating

A

The whole surface is heated simultaneously by induction coil
Then quenched with jets of water

72
Q

What is nitriding

A

Has a better surface finish than carburising
Is hardened tempered before surface Harding
Heating in ammonia rich environment

73
Q

What does tempering do

A

Decreases hardness increase ductility and toughness

M6 (13 decks)

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