Feminism

Question 1

Gender

Answer 1

the socialised construction of what male and female characteristics should be which is distinct from sex biological differences in sex.

Question 2

How can feminism be applied to the International system?

Answer 2

perspective of international relations can be improved if you consider feminine experiences. Bring to the forefront that women are not represented in the discourse

Question 3

gendered lenses

Answer 3

using gender as a method of analysis of global politics- Cynthia Enloe

Question 4

How does IR Feminism look at states?

Answer 4

they look at the a particular part of society so the theory is not state centric

Question 5

economic sanctions

Answer 5

barriers of imports and exports from one state to another in order to receive political concessions.

Question 6

knowledge and power

Answer 6

IR positivists- knowledge is of neutral value, and IR post-positivist believe that power and knowledge are linked

Question 7

what are the two generations of IR feminist theory

Answer 7

First gen: critiquing the gendered foundations of IR
second gen: developing their own research programmes, and extending the discipline, use gender as analysis of current situations and phenomenon

Question 8

Liberal feminism

Answer 8

calls attention to the subordination of women in global politics but uses a positivist level of analysis.

They analyze the number of women in political positions

What the world would be like if there were more women in the power.

Use a gendered lenses to explain foreign policy

Question 9

who are Mary Caprioli and Mark Boyer

Answer 9

they are liberal feminists who looked into whether a state was more violent in its foreign relations when there was more equality between men and women in the domestic society. They found that there was a correlation.

Question 10

How do liberal feminist believe that gender equality can be achieved?

Answer 10

removing the legal and other obstacles that deny women the same rights and opportunities as men

Question 11

post positivist criticisms of liberal feminism

Answer 11

using statistical measures to analyze/understand gender inequality is not enough, gender inequality can persist even when the numbers match

Question 12

Critical feminism

Answer 12

explores the ideational and material manifestations of gender identities and gender power in global politics

Question 13

Robert Cox

Answer 13

the world is made of historical structures, these structures are created by 3 interacting forces: production relations, state-society complex, and historically defined world orders

Question 14

Sandra Whitworth

Answer 14

critical feminist; understanding gender is partly about understanding the material conditions of men and women, but it also depends on the ideas that men and women have about gender and about each other

Question 15

Christine Chin

Answer 15

critical feminist; studied female domestic workers looks at existing power relations with the intent of changing them.

Question 16

what do critical feminists want to do with theory

Answer 16

they want to use there finds to change the current system

Question 17

feminist constructivism

Answer 17

focuses on the way ideas about gender shape global politics

Question 18

IR social constructivism

Answer 18

looks beyond the material elements of global politics to the ideational aspect, rethinking the way we see and understand international politics.

Question 19

IR social constructivism view of the state

Answer 19

not a unitary body but a amalgamation of social process

Question 20

feminist post-structuralism

Answer 20

focused on how language dichotomies focus on strong work to empower men over women

Question 21

post colonial feminism

Answer 21

Critique of the assumed universality of western feminism, which only represents privileged women. It also rejects the assumption of western feminism that third world women are all victims, undereducated and oppressed.

Question 22

how is IR feminism’s definition of security and IR definition of security different?

Answer 22

IR- security is security of the state, a secure state protects its physical and moral boundaries against the anarchic state
IR Fem- security is multi-dimensional physical structural and ecological, they look at what security is and who is guaranteed security

Question 23

structural violence

Answer 23

Violence done to people when their needs are not met and

Question 24

Critics of IR security definition

Answer 24

It is not only the security of state, it is security of the individual within the state.

Question 25

how are people at the margins of the state made more insecure by state policies

Answer 25

states may be looking for security at the expense of the security of women, allowing for violence to be directed at women instead of directed at the state in the form of rebellion

Question 26

what is the myth of security

Answer 26

that wars are fought to protect women and children, but instead women and children are the most negatively affected by war. Because women and children are considered innocent civilians they disregard how much they have been affected by war.

Question 27

what does feminist research on economic security show

Answer 27

women’s role is limited to the home so when they enter the work force they are paid less because it is thought of as a supplementary income, or if they are paid the same amount they have the double burden of also having to continue to take care of responsibilities at home

Question 28

what was the first movement towards gender equality?

Answer 28

the first international suffrage movement in 1902, it was halted because of the outbreak of WW1

Question 29

what is the distinction between movement vs. theory

Answer 29

movement- activism (the thing that happened)

theory- the way we understand the thing that happened

Question 30

what is the difference between positivist and post-positivist feminist IR

Answer 30

positivist- looks at the material, rational, concerned with truth
post-positivist- challenges the construction of truth, goes beyond the ideological, interpretive, sociological

Question 31

what are the three pillars of criticall feminism

Answer 31

material conditions, ideas, institutions

Question 32

what are the three levels of critical feminism

Answer 32

production relations, state-society complex, historically defined world orders