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Political Ideologies > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two different beliefs in what feminism is ABOUT?

A

A belief in women’s rights

A belief in gender equality

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2
Q

What did Bell Hooks say that feminism is?

A

a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation and oppression

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3
Q

What is the 1st wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

A

Suffragettes; focus on formal institutions – women’s representation

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4
Q

What is the 2nd wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

A

feminism from late 60s/70s: Shift of focus towards power and gender in society more generally

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5
Q

What is the 3rd wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

A

Focus on difference and empowerment – the ‘sex wars’

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6
Q

What is the 4th wave of feminism and give an example of their focus at that time?

A

Internet and intersectionality – transgender/’free the nipple’/Page 3

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7
Q

What does Beauvoir say about being a women?

A

‘one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman’

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8
Q

What study relates mostly to gender constructions

A

Ann Oakley - Gender Scripts
OR
Parsons - Functionalist Sex Role Theory

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9
Q

What do Evolutionary Psychologists say about gender scripts?

A

Cultural gender roles can be so ingrained that we tend to see them as ‘natural’

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10
Q

Who said that gender is perfomative?

A

Judith Butler

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11
Q

What is meant by performative gender?

A

what you do not what you are

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12
Q

How do Feminism critique Marxists/Capitalism?

A

Tendency to write off gender-based struggle as secondary to class-based struggle

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13
Q

What did Fraser say about Feminism AND capitalism?

A

‘capitalism’s handmaiden’

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14
Q

Who wrote the book ‘Lean In’ telling women how to assert themselves in the work place?

A

Sheryl Sandberg

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15
Q

How was the book ‘Lean In’ criticised?

A

just because women know how to assert themselves, doesn’t mean they’ll be given the opportunity to do so.

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16
Q

Why is popular feminism inefficient for BAME women?

A

have to face other inequalities that make being a woman just another form of subordination

17
Q

What is the triple oppression that black women face?

A

Racism, sexism and class-based oppression

18
Q

What is intersectionality?

A

Draws attention to multiple oppressions and how they work together to worsen oppresion

19
Q

Who can be effected by sexism?

A

women AND men

20
Q

What did Carver say about men?

A

‘Men are not born, but made’

21
Q

What was the anti-feminist backlash?

A

media-driven backlash against feminist advances caused ‘not by women’s achievement of full equality but the increased possibility that they might win it’

22
Q

What did McRobbie say about modern western feminism?

A

witnessing the ‘disarticulation’ of feminism

23
Q

What are formal examples of sexism as a social structure?

A

legislatures, workplaces etc.

24
Q

What are informal examples of sexism as a social structure?

A

marriage, the family, friendships

25
Q

Who said that women were ‘space invaders’

A

Puwar

26
Q

How does Heywood (2015) define feminism?

A

an ideology which aims to advance the social role of women

27
Q

What did Kinser say about feminism as an ideology?

A

feminist ideology is grounded in white, middle class values, but is frequently used to generalise amongst all women

28
Q

What is modern popular feminism said to ignore?

A

political, economic and cultural inequalities that affect working-class, disabled, elderly and ethnic minority women most profoundly

29
Q

What example is there that feminism benefits middle class women?

A

Campaigns led by middle class women - better education. Reflection of their needs, focus on politics

30
Q

What do Marxist/Socialist feminists believe?

A

capitalism is the main source of oppression, not sexism

31
Q

What arguements do Marxists feminists give to support their beliefs?

A

women are seen as a source of cheap, exploitable labour, who can be paid less than men due to their subordinate status.

32
Q

Who said that women are the takers of shit?

A

Fran Ansley

33
Q

Why does modern feminism not support working class women?

A

different economic and social needs than the middle class women leading the core movements

34
Q

Who found that class boundaries did not stop the flow of ideas?

A

Greenwald

35
Q

What do ethnic minorities challenge feminism for?

A

universalising white, western women’s needs and ignoring the enormous differences between women who had arose from imperialism, racism and slavery

36
Q

What prompted Black Feminism?

A

both feminism and the civil rights movement

37
Q

Why would feminism not want to support black women?

A

would reinforce ideas of racial hierarchy in order to remain in power

38
Q

What does Bell Hooks say about gender equality?

A

there is little point making women equal to men when not all men are equal

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