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Sociology Year 1 > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is feminism?

A

Focus on gender inequalities
and womens experiences of society based on impacts of patriarchy

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2
Q

When did feminism start?

A

mid 1800s

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3
Q

When did feminism begin to influence society?

A

1970s

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4
Q

How many ‘waves’ of feminism are there?

A

4

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5
Q

What is the main argument in feminism?

A

women are disadvantaged compared to men and men often control key institutions making an unfair gender gap

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6
Q

What are patricarchal ideologies?

A

Ideas that justify male dominance and womens inferiority

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7
Q

When did the first wave of feminism start?

A

mid 1800s

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8
Q

What was the aim of the first wave?

A

reforming social and legal inequalities affecting women and particularly to achieve universal female suffarage

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9
Q

What is female suffrage?

A

the right to vote

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10
Q

Who led the first wave and what were their concerns?

A

mainly middle class women known as suffragettes concerned with poor education for girls and professions to become more equal

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11
Q

What were the marriage laws in the first wave?

A

once married the man owned all teh womens assets, she wasnt allowed a divorce unless he agreed and if a divorce happened the woman would never be allowed contact with her children

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12
Q

When was the right to vote granted?

A

1928

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13
Q

Was the first wave a success?

A

Yes, because they acheived many goals in relation to education and proffesions. No, because significant ineualities still existed in terms of expectations of women and pay gap

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14
Q

When was the Second wave ?

A

1960s/70s

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15
Q

What other campaigns was this wave linked to?

A
  • civil rigths movement
  • gay rights
  • anti war protests
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16
Q

What was the slogan of the second wave?

A

‘the personal is political’
meaning inequalities women faced were often political matters as well as personal

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17
Q

What was the aim of the second wave?

A

to acheive less discrimination and equal rights. Raising womens consciousness about the problems with society

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18
Q

What was the the significant UK conference in the second wave?

A

National woemns Liberation conference 1970

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19
Q

What were the four demands of the conference?

A
  1. equal pay for equal work
  2. equal education and job opportunities
  3. free contraception and abortion on demand
  4. free 24 hour nurseries
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20
Q

What were the further demands added in 1978?

A
  • legal and financial independence for women
  • end to discrimination against lesbians
  • freedom from intimidation, threat or sexual coercion in marriage
  • end all laws that perpetuate male dominance and aggression
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21
Q

Was the list a success?

A

No, the majority of demands were not met and it led to divison and loss of momentum

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22
Q

When was the third wave of feminism?

A

mid 1990s onwards

23
Q

What is the third wave?

A

a much more diverse and individualistic form of feminism

24
Q

Why did the third wave begin?

A

globalisation and increasing technological advancements

25
Q

What deos the third wave focus on?

A

less on laws and more on individual identity

26
Q

What does the third wave acknowledge?

A

women come from:
- ethnicities
- nationalities
- religions
- cultural backgrounds

27
Q

What is the fourth wave?

A

aruged to be a necessary movement in 21st century to take action against sexism

28
Q

How did Kira Cochrane define the fourth wave?

A

‘its defined by technology, tools allowing women to build a strong, popular and reactive movement’

29
Q

Is it currently successful and why?

A

yes.
- everyday sexism project
- activism badge for girl guides

30
Q

What are the different strands of feminism?

A
  • liberal
  • marxist
  • radical
31
Q

What is liberal feminism ?

A

A focus on obtaining equal opportunities for men and woemn in society

32
Q

What do liberal feminists argue?

A

changes in norms and values will bring about equality

32
Q

Who is a key feminist theorist?

A

Oakley

33
Q

What did Oakley argue?

A

gender role socialisation in families is the important area where gender inequality takes root

34
Q

What does Oakley believe happens in families to embed gender inequality?

A
  • manipulation
  • canalisation
35
Q

What is canalisation?

A

the channelling of children towards thigns that seem appropriate for their gender. promoting inequalities

36
Q

What is the postmodernism criticisms of Oakley?

A

gender identities are no longer fixed and that it is a choice. Meaning oakleys ideas are outdated and lack temporal validity

37
Q

What are some criticisms of Oakley?

A

thinks of children as passive but its argued they can negotiate.

38
Q

What is the evaluation of liberal feminism?

A
  • overly optimistic about achievements
  • middle-class movement that lacks diversity
  • radical and marxist feminists say it faisl to explain power differences
39
Q

What is Marxist feminism?

A

Belief that social class is to blame for inequalities alongside capitalism and the economic system

40
Q

What do Marxist feminists say about family?

A

it is a patriarchal institution and womens steryotypical roles result in exploitation

41
Q

What do marxists argue about womens family roles?

A

they play a central role in capitalism.
- making next gen of workers
- encourage obedience and hard work

42
Q

Who is a key marxist feminist?

A

Feeley

43
Q

What does Feeley argue?

A

due to patriarchal family structures children grow up to accept their place in society ‘designed to teach passivity and not rebellion’

44
Q

Evaluation of marxist feminism?

A
  • placing too much emphasis on class
  • relies too much on revolution to bring change
45
Q

How is marxist linked to postmodernist feminism?

A

postmodernists believe class is no longer significant

46
Q

how is marxist linked to radical feminism?

A

radical argue patriarchy is most significant not capitalism

47
Q

What is radical feminism?

A

belief that patriarchy is the sole reason for opression. argue society is run by men in the interest of men

48
Q

What do radical feminists believe about family?

A

it is central to opression as there has always been division of labour to enforce male domination

49
Q

What do radical feminists believe about biology?

A

womens ability to give birth leads to opression but dont belive that should be the case

50
Q

Who is a key radical feminist?

A

Millett

51
Q

What did Millett argue?

A

Men got power due to biological factors but modern tech such as contraceptives mean men can not dominate

52
Q

Evaluation of radical feminism?

A
  • dont talk about variations in family life
  • see women as sharing interests because thyre women so doesnt acknowledge differences

Sociology Year 1 (11 decks)

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