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Politics > Feminism > Flashcards

Feminism Flashcards

1
Q

liberal feminism

A

sees individualism as the basis of gender equality

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2
Q

socialist feminism

A

believes that gender inequality stems from economics and that capitalism creates patriarchy

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3
Q

radical feminism

A

the biggest problem facing society is gender inequality

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4
Q

post-modern feminism

A

argues that patriarchy manifests in different ways depending on a woman’s race, class, etc.

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5
Q

charlotte perkins gilman is a key…

A

liberal feminist

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6
Q

simmone de beauvoir is a key…

A

socilaist feminist

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7
Q

kate millet is a key…

A

radical feminist

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8
Q

sheila rowbotham is a key…

A

socialist feminist

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9
Q

bell hooks is a key…

A

postmodern feminist

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10
Q

who are the key thinkers for socialist feminism

A

rowbotham and de beauvoir

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11
Q

who is the key thinker for liberal feminism

A

charlotte perkins gilman

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12
Q

who is the key thinker for radical feminism

A

kate miller

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13
Q

who is the key thinker for postmodern feminism

A

bell hooks

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14
Q

public sphere

A

society outside the home, particularly in work

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15
Q

private sphere

A

involving private relationships in the home, specifically domestic life

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16
Q

essentialism

A

biological factors are significant in the different character and behaviour of men and women

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17
Q

gender stereotypes

A

the different ways society expects men and women to behave according to gender roles

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18
Q

discrimination

A

less favourable treatment of one group of people compared to another

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19
Q

equality of opportunity

A

all humans, irrespective of sex, should have an equal chance in society to rise and fall

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20
Q

political equality

A

equal right to vote

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21
Q

legal equality

A

the law applies equally to all and no one is above the law

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22
Q

reserve army of labour

A

women constitute a spare workforce that can be called on as and when is needed

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23
Q

gender equality

A

society should treat everyone equally regardless of their gender

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24
Q

cultural feminism

A

a form of difference feminism that seeks to challenge the dominance of male culture in society and promote women’s values instead

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25
Q

reformist

A

seeking to change society gradually and peacefully

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26
Q

otherness

A

the idea that women were considered fundamentsally different from men, the norm, and so women deviated from the norm and were therefore ‘other’s

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27
Q

two categories of feminism

A

equality and difference

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28
Q

equality feminimsm definition

A

believe in the goal of achieving equality between men and women by eliminating cultural differences

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29
Q

strands for equality feminism

A

liberal feminists, socialist feminists, radical feminists, postmodern feminists

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30
Q

difference feminism definition

A

men and women are fundamentally different and women are equal or superior to men. differences should be accepted and celebrated.

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31
Q

what type of politics are equality feminists associated with

A

politics of sameness

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32
Q

what type of politics are difference feminists associated with

A

politics of difference

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33
Q

differences between the two branches of feminism

A

equality feminists seek equality for men and women in society whereas difference feminists argue that men and women have inherently different natures - equality feminists believe this difference automatically leads to inequality

34
Q

what did first wave feminism focus on

A

political and legal equality for white, often middle-class women

35
Q

what did second wave feminism focus on

A

equality in broader society and it began looking at representation of women and discrimination

36
Q

what did third wave feminism focus on

A

women having a choice - began to be conscious of race and ‘intersectionality’

37
Q

what did fourth wave feminism focus on

A

focuses on many who have been excluded my feminism and sspreads awareness of the dangers of social media for women.

38
Q

what did many wolstonecraft believe

A

women should be afforded the same rights and privelages as men on the grounds that they are human beings, meaning they should also get the right to vote

39
Q

what did Mill and his wife Harriet Taylor believe regarding feminism

A

society should be based on reason and accidents on birth such as sex were not important to this

40
Q

what do most feminists believe about sex and gender

A

sex and gender are not the same thing - sex is thr biological differences between females and males whereas gender refers to the cultural and economic differences between the lives of men and women

41
Q

what do liberal feminists accept in terms of sex but reject in regard to gender

A

they accept the differences in sex but regard gender differences and the superiority of men to be an artificial construct created by patriarchal societies

42
Q

for liberal feminists, what is the inferiority of women

A

a learned behavious that has its roots in historical civilisations and has been embedded into education

43
Q

what do liberal feminists propose to combat the learned behaviour of women being inferior to men

A

the need for reform through legislation, suggesting that the state can have a role, to improve education and combat sexist attitudes

44
Q

where do radical feminists believe gender exists

A

in all aspects of life: work, home, personal, relationships and generally in cultural life

45
Q

what does kate millet believe gender differences have

A

essentially cultural, rather than biological bases

46
Q

who said that gender differences have essentially cultural, rather than biological bases

A

kate millet

47
Q

what did radical feminist julie mitchell propose was needed to get rid of problematic gender distinctions

A

a cultural revolution to combat the patriarchy

48
Q

what did radical feminist shulamith firestone suggest about history and the way to combat the oppression of women

A

history is a dialectical struggle and the oppression of women could be overcome by removing all sexual functions of women and replacing it instead with androgyny.

49
Q

foir socialist feminists, why do patriarchal societies assign inferior gender roles to women

A

so that they become a cheap labour force, making them used to being overworked and underpaid in the workplace.

50
Q

Simmone de Beauvoir: ‘women are not…

A

born, they are made’

51
Q

socialist feminist perspective of women and work

A

they are dispensable and can be thrown out upon a slump in the economy, meaning they are poorly paid and often lack job security, acting as second-class labour.

52
Q

what is the solution to stopping the patriarchy according to socialist feminists

A

destroy the capitalist system whi9ch oppresses women.

53
Q

what is patriarchy

A

systematic, pervasive and institutionalised gender oppression

54
Q

all feminists agree that the ability of the father to…

A

dominate family life allows men to dominate institutions in society as well.

55
Q

most feminists believe that the exploitation and subjugations of women…

A

happens both in the public and the private sphere

56
Q

what do liberal feminists believe the patriarchy is problematic for

A

it prevents women from reaching senior positions and equality in the public sphere

57
Q

how do liberal feminists propose to resolve the cultural issue of the patriarchy

A

make society less patriarchal in a gradual way such as with legislative political and cultural reforms

58
Q

for socialist feminists, what is the patriarchy closely linked with

A

capitalism, gender subordination and class inequality

59
Q

for sheila rowbotham, what is society

A

economically determined

60
Q

(sheila rowbotham) the economically deterministic nature of society reflects the dominant position of…

A

both capitalists and men and their ability to oppress women.

61
Q

how do socialist feminists propose to get rid of the patriarchy

A

capitalism and therefore patriarchy must be destroyed for the oppression of women to end through a female cultural revolution

62
Q

what does only man have the ability to do

A

freedom to choose and set himself up as essential and subject. in contrast, women are both inessential and object

63
Q

what did socialist feminist simone de beauvoir advocate for

A

a balanced couple that displayed equality in difference and difference in equality

64
Q

what is the radical feminist understanding of patriarchy

A

it is deeply divisive and begins in the family through socialisation

65
Q

patriarchy expresses…

A

the pattern of male domination and female subordination that characterises society at large which is essentially a reflection of the power structures that operate in domestic life.

66
Q

how do radical feminists believe patriarchy should be resolved

A

must be entirely removed with a full scale attack on patriarchal institutions and the creation of a female counterculture

67
Q

what does intersectionality identify

A

a system of oppression that takes us beyond the traditional feminist conception of male oppression

68
Q

what do black and white women experience differently according to postmodern feminists

A

the patriarchy

69
Q

all feminists agree that women must be able to access the…

A

economy on an equal basis to men

70
Q

charlotte perkins gillman argued that…

A

the economy discriminates against women in various different ways

71
Q

what do socialist feminists believe women have been made into by the patriarchy

A

inferior wage slaves or a reserve army of labour

72
Q

what does ‘the personal is political’ attempt to highlight

A

the subordinate status of women and thereby challenge the traditional dominance of the male within the home and the family

73
Q

what can gender expectations do

A

reflect and reinforce the power imbalance between men and women in society

74
Q

what does ‘the personal is political’ mean

A

all relationships, both in the public and private sphere, between men and women are based on power and dominance

75
Q

what do liberal feminists advocate for the separation of

A

the public and private spheres, meaning they do not believe that the personal is political.

76
Q

for liberal feminists, what should the private sphere be outside the influence of

A

the state and legislation, as long as behaviour inside the home complies with mill’s harm principle

77
Q

where do politics exist for radical feminists

A

wherever social conflict is found, including in the private sphere

78
Q

Millet said that politics is…

A

power-structured relationships, arrangements whereby one group of persons is controlled by another

79
Q

what do socialist feminists and radical feminists agree on regarding patriarchy and the economy

A

the extra burden placed on women in the home/family have led to them being oppressed

80
Q

Rowbotham said that economic oppression of women….

A

spreads into the home and society as well

81
Q

for radical feminists, everything is…

A

political

82
Q

why do most women not understand that the personal is political

A

their consciousness has been dominated by the male-dominated patriarchal society in which they live

Politics (5 decks)

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