Female reproductive tract

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the broad ligament?

Answer 1

1. Mesovarium (where ligament attaches to ovary, housing blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves] forms the hilus
2. Mesosalpinx supports oviduct
3. Mesometrium supports uterine horns

Question 2

What does the oviduct consist of

Answer 2

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

Question 3

What is the area called where the artery enters the overy

Answer 3

Hilus

Question 4

What is the pathway of the lo yet when released from the ovary?

Answer 4

1. Infundibulum - guide the oocyte with fimbriae to the ampulla
2. Ampulla which has thick mucosa and cilia - site of fertilisation
3. Isthmus - thicker muscularis than mucosa

Thick mucosa in ampulla transport oocyte from infundibulum
Thick muscularis transports in isthmus transports the sperm to the ampulla

Question 5

Ovary produces what hormones?

Answer 5

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 6

What hormones does the CL produce?

Answer 6

Inhibin, relaxin, oxytocin and activin

Question 7

What is the primary function of the uterus?

Answer 7

1. Sperm transportation
2. Termination of the oestrus cycle - the endometrium produces PGG2a)
3. Environment for the embryo to attach to
4. Material contribution of the placenta
5. Expulsion of the foetus and foetal placanta

Question 8

What are primary ovarian structures?

Answer 8

Primary follicles
Secondary follicles
Antral follicles
Corpora lutea
Corpora albicantia

Question 9

In stages, describe the follicular development of oocytes?

Answer 9

1. Primordial follicles develop into primary follicles, then secondary follicles, (both have oocytes), it then develops into antral follicle with a zona pellucida. The follicle becomes a CL nd the CA. Where as the zona pellucida is released during ovulation.

Question 10

What is the Corpus luteum?

Answer 10

when ovulation occurs, the follicular walls collapse and haemorrhage into the follicle = transitory corpus hemorrhagicum.

Stromal cells and vasculature form a vascular gland called corpus luteum.

Question 11

What two cells predominate CL?

Answer 11

1. granulosa lutein cells = secrete progesterone
2. theca lutein = formed from tunica interna = produce PGF2a

If pregnancy has not occured at end of estrous PGF2a is released the CL regresses into corpus albicans

if pregnancy does occur CL support remainder of pregnancy producing progesterone

Question 12

what tissues make up the uterus?

Answer 12

1. perimetrium - extentsion of BL - adipose tissue
2. myometrium - smooth muscle - seperated by stratum vasculare
3. endometrium - simple columnar epithelium

Question 13

What different tissues are in the mucosal surfaces betweeen the cranial and caudal vagina?

Answer 13

1. crainal vagina = columnar epithelium
2. Caudal = stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

What tissues are in the cervix?

Answer 14

within the cervical ring is mucosa and submucosa with simple columnar and ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 15

What is the primary function of the cervix?

Answer 15

barrier to sperm transport into uterus
yes- cow and ewe
no - sow and mare

under influence of oestradiol the cow and ewe release lubrication during copulations and flushing out of contaminants and transport of sperm

under influence of P4 - cervical mucus becomes viscous forming a seal in the cervix isolating from outside environment