Female Reproductive System Flashcards
True or False
The Uterus sits in the pelvic cavity behind the urinary bladder
True
What is the name of the innermost layer of the uterus?
Endometrium
True or false
The uterus is affected by oestrogen and progesterone
True
True or false
The fertilisation process of the ovum by the sperm is hosted by the uterus
False
They are fertilised in the fallopian tubes/uterine tube or the oviduct of the female reproductive tract.
How many chromosomes does a human egg cell have?
23
Why are women more likely to get UTIs than men
All 3 holes are closer together.
urethra is shorter and wider in women, compared to men’s.
Labia Majora and labia minora
The outer and inner fold of skin, that frame the vaginal opening
Episiotomy
An inscision is made to the perineum to allow for quick delivery in certain maternal emergencies
Perineum
between the anus and the vagina
Vulva
Acts as a sensory tissue during sexual intercourse
Assists in micturition by directing the flow of urine
Protects the internal female reproductive tract from infection
Name the layers of the uterus
Endometrium (innermost)
Myometrium (middle)
Perimetrium (outer)
Entrance to the uterus
cervix
Fundus
Rounded portion of the uterine body
top of the uterus
Cervical canal
has an external and internal os Cervical glands are in the mucosa of the cervical canal which secrete mucus, this is believed to block bacteria from spreading from the vagina into the uterus. This mucus changes in viscosity during the reproductive cycle so will block sperm from entering at some points and allow it at others.
Myometrium
made of interlaced smooth muscle bundles
Contracts rhythmically during childbirth
Endometritis
Tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the womb
what are the 2 layers of the endometrium
Deep stratum basalis
Superficial stratum functionalis
Endometrium
Inner mucous membrane lining the uterus.
Deep Stratum Basalis
changes little throughout the menstrual cycle and is not shed at menstruation
Superficial Stratum Functionalis
Proliferates in response to oestrogens, and becomes secretory in response to progesterone. It is shed during menstruation and regenerates from cells in the stratum basalis layer.
The main function is to assist in the transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
Name the part of the female reproductive system.
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes
Name the 4 parts of the fallopian tubes
Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Fimbriae
Finger-like, cilated projections which capture the ovum from the surface of the ovary
Infundibulum
Funnel-shaped opening near the ovary to which fimbriae are attached.
Ampulla
Widest section of the uterine tubes.
Fertilisation usually occurs here
Isthmus
Narrow section of the uterine tubes connecting the ampulla to the uterine cavity.
What produces oocytes (female gametes) in preparation for fertilisation
Ovaries
What sex steroid hormones do the ovaries produce in response to pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH)?
Oestrogen
Progesterone
True or false
A female baby is born with all the eggs that she will ever have
True
Gamete
Haploid cell (contains a single set of chromosomes rather than double) used during reproduction with other gamete to make a zygote
Name the 3 layers of the ovaries
Surface
Cortex
Medulla
Ovary surface
The surface layer of the ovary is formed by simple cuboidal epithelium, known as germinal epithelium.
Ovary Cortex
The cortex (outer part) of the ovary is largely comprised of a connective tissue stroma. It supports thousands of follicles. Each primordial follicle contains an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells.
Ovary medulla
The medulla (inner part) is composed of supporting stroma and contains a rich neurovascular network which enters the hilum of ovary from the mesovarium.
