Female Reproductive System Flashcards by Alyssa Rivera

Female internal genital organs include? (4)

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus (cervix)
Vagina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ligaments can be divided into what 3 categories?

Broad ligament
Uterine ligaments
Ovarian ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is broad ligament?

Sheet of peritoneum, associated with both the uterus and ovaries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What 3 regions can the broad ligament be divided into?

Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Surrounds the uterus and is the largest subsection of the broad ligament. It runs laterally to cover the external iliac vessels, forming a distinct fold over them.

Misometrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of the broad ligament associated with the ovaries. It projects from the posterior surface of the broad ligament and attaches to the hilum of the ovary, enclosing its neurovascular supply.

Mesovarium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Originates superiorly to the mesovarium, enclosing the uterine tubes.

Mesosalpinx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 functions of the ovaries?

Mature ova
Temporary endocrine gland to prepare uterus for implantation (estrogen/progesterone) and to maintain the developing embryo
Control development of secondary sex characteristics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ligament that of the ovary extends from the ovary to the lateral wall of the pelvis. It contains the ovarian vessels and nerves.

Suspension ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ligament that is fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. Ligament is a remnant of superior part of the ovarian gubernaculum.

Ovarian ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What projects form the broad ligament and attaches to the hilum of the ovary, enclosing its neurovascular supply.

Mesovarium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do ovarian arteries arise and descent?

Arise from abdominal

Descend along the posterior abdominal wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do ovarian arteries enter at pelvic brim?

Suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do veins draining the ovary go>

In broad ligament near the ovary and uterine tube

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Do veins merge to form a singular ovarian vein?

Yes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do the right and left ovarian veins go into?

Right: ascends to inferior vena cava
Left: drains into left renal vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the uterine tubes do?

Conduct the oocyte from peri-ovarian peritoneal cavity to the uterine cavity.
Provide usual site of fertilization.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How to determine potency of uterine tubes?

Radio graphic procedure by injection of a water-soluble radiopaque material into the uterus and tubes through the external os of the cervix (hysterosalpingography). The contrast medium travels through uterine cavity and tubes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Embryonic implantation and initiation of gestational development outside of the body of the uterus (occurs 1 every 250 pregnancies)

Ectopic tubal pregnancy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If not diagnoses early, what can ectopic tubal pregnancies result in?

Rupture of uterine tube and severe hemorrhage into the abdominopelvic cavity during first 8 weeks of gestation.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do ovarian arteries supply?

Ovaries and uterine tubes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What artery supplies the medial uterine tubes from opposite ends and anastomose with branches form ovarian arteries?

Ascending uterine arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do ovarian veins and uterine veins drain into?

Internal iliac vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pain impulses run alongside sympathetic pathways

Above the pelvic pain line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pain impulses run alongside parasympathetic pathways

Below the pelvic pain line

What kind of visceral afferents run alongside parasympathetic pathways?

All visceral afferents other than pain

Where is the pathway for pain and visceral divided at colon?

Halfway through sigmoid colon

What do pelvic splanchic nerves carry?

Parasympathetic fibers

What are the 2 nerve supplies for ovaries and uterine tubes?

1. Ovarian plexus, descending with ovarian vessels | 2. Uterine plexus

Where are ovaries and uterine tubes?

Intraperitoneal | Superior to the pelvic pain line

What visceral afferents pain fibers ascend retrogradely with the descending sympathetic fibers?

Ovarian plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves to cell bodies in T11-L1 dorsal root ganglia

What visceral afferents reflex fibers follow parasympathetic fibers?

Uterine plexus and pelvic splanchnic nerves to cell bodies in S2-S4 dorsal root ganglia

Where does nongravid (non pregnant) uterus usually lie?

In lesser pelvis, with body lying on the urinary bladder and its cervix between urinary bladder and rectum

Where does peritoneum cover uterus?

Anterior Posterior Superior

Tipped anterosuperiorly relative to the axis of vagina

Anteverted (normally)

Flexed or bent anteriorly relative to the cervix and lies over the bladder

Anteflexed

3 most common dispositions of uterus’s?

1. Excessively anteflexed 2. Anteflexed retroverted 3. Retroflexed and retroverted

3 wall layers of body of uterus:

Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium

(Serous) consists of peritoneum supported by a thin layer of connective tissue

Perimetrium

Middle layer of SM- becomes greatly distended during pregnancy. Main branches of blood vessels and nerves of the uterus are located here.

Myometrium

Inner mucous layer- firmly adhered to the underlying myometrium. Actively involved in menstrual cycle, differing in structure with each stage of the cycle.

Endometrium

What else are uterine fibroid called?

Leiomyoma

What are uterine fibroid?

Benign, smoother muscle tumors

Removal of the fibroids with preservation of uterus

Myomectomy

Lymphatic drainage of uterus via 4 ways:

Iliac Sacral Aortic Inguinal

Dynamic support of the uterus is provided by what?

Pelvic diaphragm

Passive support of the uterus is provided by?

It’s position- the way in which normally anteverted and anteflexed uterus rests on top of the bladder

Located at base of broad ligament, they extend form the supravaginal cervix and lateral parts of the fornix of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis

Cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament

What does cardinal ligament contain and do?

Uterine artery and vein | Provide support to uterus

Pass superiorly and slightly posteriorly from the sides of the cervix to the middle of the sacrum; they are palpable during rectal examination?

Uterosacral ligaments

What does broad ligament assist in and where does it run?

Assist in keeping uterus in position | Run sin the base and crosses the uterine artery

What saying is important during hysterectomies to distinguish between ureters and uterine arteries?

What under the bridge

What can lead to decreased tissue integrity?

Decrease in estrogen

What does change in orientation and angle of bladder (neck) to sphincter urethrae result in?

Urinary incontinence

When bladder protrudes into the front wall of the vagina

Cystocele

Part of rectum bulges into back wall of the vagina, sometimes causing difficulty with defecation

Rectocele

Uterus drops down into vagina.

Uterine prolapse

Inferior narrower part of the uterus?

Cervix

What 3 regions can cervix be divided into:

1. Internal os 2. Cervical canal 3. External os

Junction of cervical canal with the uterine body

Internal os

Cavity of the cervix between the internal and external Ostia

Cervical canal

Opening of the cervical canal into the vagina

External os

Dispensable musculomembranous tube, extends from the superior most aspect of vaginal part of cervix of the uterus to the vaginal orifice

Vagina

What 3 things open into the vestibule of vagina?

1. Vaginal orifice 2. External urethral Orifice 3. Ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands

Where does vaginal part of the cervix lie in superior vagina?

Anteriorly

What 4 functions does vagina have?

1. Canal for menstrual fluid 2. Inferior part of birth canal 3. Receives penis and ejaculation 4. Communicates superiorly with cervical canal and inferiorly with vestibule of vagina

Culdoscope inserted through the posterior part of vaginal fornix to examine ovaries or uterine tubes (for tubal pregnancy)

Culdoscopy

Pelvic abscess, fluid, or blood in rectouterine pouch can be drained through an incision made in the posterior fornix of vagina

Culdocentesis

Arties that supply the superior part of the vagina

Uterine arteries

Arteries supplying the middle and inferior parts of the vagina

Vaginal and internal pudendal arteries

What do vaginal veins form?

Vaginal venous plexuses along sides of vagina and within vaginal mucosa

Where do vaginal veins drain into?

Internal iliac veins through uterine vein

What other plexus does vaginal veins communicate with?

Vesical and rectal venous plexuses

What part of the vagina is somatic innervation?

Inferior 1/5 to 1/4 of vagina (pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

What type of innervation is majority of the vagina?

Visceral

What is the inferior 1/5 to 1/4 of vagina sensitive to?

Touch and temp

Inferior thoracic spinal cord segments and passes through lumbar splanchnic nerves and the abdominal-pelvic series of plexuses

Sympathetic innervation

Originates in S2-S4 spinal cord segments and passes through pelvic splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic innervation

Visceral afferent fibers conducting pain impulses from intraperitoneal uterine fungus and body (superior to pelvic pain line) follow what innervation?

Sympathetic innervation

What cell bodies are sympathetic innervation?

T11-L1

Afferent fibers conducting pain impulses from subperitoneal uterine cervix and vagina (inferior to pelvic pain line) is what innervation?

Parasympathetic

What cell bodies relate to parasympathetic innervation?

Pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2-S4