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Anatomy 1 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Female internal genital organs include? (4)

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus (cervix)
Vagina

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2
Q

Ligaments can be divided into what 3 categories?

A

Broad ligament
Uterine ligaments
Ovarian ligaments

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3
Q

What is broad ligament?

A

Sheet of peritoneum, associated with both the uterus and ovaries

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4
Q

What 3 regions can the broad ligament be divided into?

A

Mesometrium
Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx

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5
Q

Surrounds the uterus and is the largest subsection of the broad ligament. It runs laterally to cover the external iliac vessels, forming a distinct fold over them.

A

Misometrium

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6
Q

Part of the broad ligament associated with the ovaries. It projects from the posterior surface of the broad ligament and attaches to the hilum of the ovary, enclosing its neurovascular supply.

A

Mesovarium

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7
Q

Originates superiorly to the mesovarium, enclosing the uterine tubes.

A

Mesosalpinx

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8
Q

3 functions of the ovaries?

A
  1. Mature ova
  2. Temporary endocrine gland to prepare uterus for implantation (estrogen/progesterone) and to maintain the developing embryo
  3. Control development of secondary sex characteristics
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9
Q

Ligament that of the ovary extends from the ovary to the lateral wall of the pelvis. It contains the ovarian vessels and nerves.

A

Suspension ligament

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10
Q

Ligament that is fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. Ligament is a remnant of superior part of the ovarian gubernaculum.

A

Ovarian ligament

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11
Q

What projects form the broad ligament and attaches to the hilum of the ovary, enclosing its neurovascular supply.

A

Mesovarium

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12
Q

Where do ovarian arteries arise and descent?

A

Arise from abdominal

Descend along the posterior abdominal wall

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13
Q

Where do ovarian arteries enter at pelvic brim?

A

Suspensory ligament

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14
Q

Where do veins draining the ovary go>

A

In broad ligament near the ovary and uterine tube

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15
Q

Do veins merge to form a singular ovarian vein?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Where do the right and left ovarian veins go into?

A

Right: ascends to inferior vena cava
Left: drains into left renal vein

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17
Q

What does the uterine tubes do?

A

Conduct the oocyte from peri-ovarian peritoneal cavity to the uterine cavity.
Provide usual site of fertilization.

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18
Q

How to determine potency of uterine tubes?

A

Radio graphic procedure by injection of a water-soluble radiopaque material into the uterus and tubes through the external os of the cervix (hysterosalpingography). The contrast medium travels through uterine cavity and tubes.

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19
Q

Embryonic implantation and initiation of gestational development outside of the body of the uterus (occurs 1 every 250 pregnancies)

A

Ectopic tubal pregnancy

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20
Q

If not diagnoses early, what can ectopic tubal pregnancies result in?

A

Rupture of uterine tube and severe hemorrhage into the abdominopelvic cavity during first 8 weeks of gestation.

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21
Q

What do ovarian arteries supply?

A

Ovaries and uterine tubes

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22
Q

What artery supplies the medial uterine tubes from opposite ends and anastomose with branches form ovarian arteries?

A

Ascending uterine arteries

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23
Q

Where do ovarian veins and uterine veins drain into?

A

Internal iliac vein

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24
Q

Pain impulses run alongside sympathetic pathways

A

Above the pelvic pain line

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25
Q

Pain impulses run alongside parasympathetic pathways

A

Below the pelvic pain line

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26
Q

What kind of visceral afferents run alongside parasympathetic pathways?

A

All visceral afferents other than pain

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27
Q

Where is the pathway for pain and visceral divided at colon?

A

Halfway through sigmoid colon

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28
Q

What do pelvic splanchic nerves carry?

A

Parasympathetic fibers

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29
Q

What are the 2 nerve supplies for ovaries and uterine tubes?

A
  1. Ovarian plexus, descending with ovarian vessels

2. Uterine plexus

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30
Q

Where are ovaries and uterine tubes?

A

Intraperitoneal

Superior to the pelvic pain line

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31
Q

What visceral afferents pain fibers ascend retrogradely with the descending sympathetic fibers?

A

Ovarian plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves to cell bodies in T11-L1 dorsal root ganglia

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32
Q

What visceral afferents reflex fibers follow parasympathetic fibers?

A

Uterine plexus and pelvic splanchnic nerves to cell bodies in S2-S4 dorsal root ganglia

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33
Q

Where does nongravid (non pregnant) uterus usually lie?

A

In lesser pelvis, with body lying on the urinary bladder and its cervix between urinary bladder and rectum

34
Q

Where does peritoneum cover uterus?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Superior

35
Q

Tipped anterosuperiorly relative to the axis of vagina

A

Anteverted (normally)

36
Q

Flexed or bent anteriorly relative to the cervix and lies over the bladder

A

Anteflexed

37
Q

3 most common dispositions of uterus’s?

A
  1. Excessively anteflexed
  2. Anteflexed retroverted
  3. Retroflexed and retroverted
38
Q

3 wall layers of body of uterus:

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

39
Q

(Serous) consists of peritoneum supported by a thin layer of connective tissue

A

Perimetrium

40
Q

Middle layer of SM- becomes greatly distended during pregnancy. Main branches of blood vessels and nerves of the uterus are located here.

A

Myometrium

41
Q

Inner mucous layer- firmly adhered to the underlying myometrium. Actively involved in menstrual cycle, differing in structure with each stage of the cycle.

A

Endometrium

42
Q

What else are uterine fibroid called?

A

Leiomyoma

43
Q

What are uterine fibroid?

A

Benign, smoother muscle tumors

44
Q

Removal of the fibroids with preservation of uterus

A

Myomectomy

45
Q

Lymphatic drainage of uterus via 4 ways:

A

Iliac
Sacral
Aortic
Inguinal

46
Q

Dynamic support of the uterus is provided by what?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

47
Q

Passive support of the uterus is provided by?

A

It’s position- the way in which normally anteverted and anteflexed uterus rests on top of the bladder

48
Q

Located at base of broad ligament, they extend form the supravaginal cervix and lateral parts of the fornix of the vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis

A

Cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament

49
Q

What does cardinal ligament contain and do?

A

Uterine artery and vein

Provide support to uterus

50
Q

Pass superiorly and slightly posteriorly from the sides of the cervix to the middle of the sacrum; they are palpable during rectal examination?

A

Uterosacral ligaments

51
Q

What does broad ligament assist in and where does it run?

A

Assist in keeping uterus in position

Run sin the base and crosses the uterine artery

52
Q

What saying is important during hysterectomies to distinguish between ureters and uterine arteries?

A

What under the bridge

53
Q

What can lead to decreased tissue integrity?

A

Decrease in estrogen

54
Q

What does change in orientation and angle of bladder (neck) to sphincter urethrae result in?

A

Urinary incontinence

55
Q

When bladder protrudes into the front wall of the vagina

A

Cystocele

56
Q

Part of rectum bulges into back wall of the vagina, sometimes causing difficulty with defecation

A

Rectocele

57
Q

Uterus drops down into vagina.

A

Uterine prolapse

58
Q

Inferior narrower part of the uterus?

A

Cervix

59
Q

What 3 regions can cervix be divided into:

A
  1. Internal os
  2. Cervical canal
  3. External os
60
Q

Junction of cervical canal with the uterine body

A

Internal os

61
Q

Cavity of the cervix between the internal and external Ostia

A

Cervical canal

62
Q

Opening of the cervical canal into the vagina

A

External os

63
Q

Dispensable musculomembranous tube, extends from the superior most aspect of vaginal part of cervix of the uterus to the vaginal orifice

A

Vagina

64
Q

What 3 things open into the vestibule of vagina?

A
  1. Vaginal orifice
  2. External urethral Orifice
  3. Ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands
65
Q

Where does vaginal part of the cervix lie in superior vagina?

A

Anteriorly

66
Q

What 4 functions does vagina have?

A
  1. Canal for menstrual fluid
  2. Inferior part of birth canal
  3. Receives penis and ejaculation
  4. Communicates superiorly with cervical canal and inferiorly with vestibule of vagina
67
Q

Culdoscope inserted through the posterior part of vaginal fornix to examine ovaries or uterine tubes (for tubal pregnancy)

A

Culdoscopy

68
Q

Pelvic abscess, fluid, or blood in rectouterine pouch can be drained through an incision made in the posterior fornix of vagina

A

Culdocentesis

69
Q

Arties that supply the superior part of the vagina

A

Uterine arteries

70
Q

Arteries supplying the middle and inferior parts of the vagina

A

Vaginal and internal pudendal arteries

71
Q

What do vaginal veins form?

A

Vaginal venous plexuses along sides of vagina and within vaginal mucosa

72
Q

Where do vaginal veins drain into?

A

Internal iliac veins through uterine vein

73
Q

What other plexus does vaginal veins communicate with?

A

Vesical and rectal venous plexuses

74
Q

What part of the vagina is somatic innervation?

A

Inferior 1/5 to 1/4 of vagina (pudendal nerve (S2-S4)

75
Q

What type of innervation is majority of the vagina?

A

Visceral

76
Q

What is the inferior 1/5 to 1/4 of vagina sensitive to?

A

Touch and temp

77
Q

Inferior thoracic spinal cord segments and passes through lumbar splanchnic nerves and the abdominal-pelvic series of plexuses

A

Sympathetic innervation

78
Q

Originates in S2-S4 spinal cord segments and passes through pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

Parasympathetic innervation

79
Q

Visceral afferent fibers conducting pain impulses from intraperitoneal uterine fungus and body (superior to pelvic pain line) follow what innervation?

A

Sympathetic innervation

80
Q

What cell bodies are sympathetic innervation?

A

T11-L1

81
Q

Afferent fibers conducting pain impulses from subperitoneal uterine cervix and vagina (inferior to pelvic pain line) is what innervation?

A

Parasympathetic

82
Q

What cell bodies relate to parasympathetic innervation?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2-S4

Anatomy 1 (3 decks)

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