Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the X-Chromosome?
- carries a lot of genetic information
- mutations here cause sex-linked disorders which are usually recessively inherited so females express these disorders far less than males
Ovaries
- produce estrogen and progesterone
- contain follicles that contain/nourish/protect immature ova
Peritoneal Sac
contains an ovulated egg that has yet to be drawn into the fallopian tubes
Oogenesis
the production of female gametes
All oogonia a woman will ever have are formed during _______ _________.
fetal development
Primary Oocytes
- name of oogonia at birth that have already undergone DNA replication
- cells are 2n
- arrested in this form in prophase 1 until menarche
What happens to the oocyte during menarche?
one oocyte per month will complete meiosis 1 and become a secondary oocyte and a polar body
Secondary Oocytes
- result from completion of meiosis 1
- contains nearly all the cytoplasm
- remains arrested in metaphase 2 unless fertilization occurs
What happens when a secondary oocyte is fertilized?
the oocyte completes meiosis 2 and splits into a mature ovum and another polar body via 2nd meiotic division
Ovum
- consists of large quantities of cytoplasm and organelles
- contributes almost everything to the zygote including 1/2 of DNA, all of the cytoplasm, organelles (including the mitochondria), RNA and physical space
What does sperm contribute to a zygote?
1/2 of DNA
Zygote
- formed upon completion of meiosis 2 when the haploid pronuclei of the sperm and ovum join
- diploid
Ovaries are derived from the same embryonic structures as the ______.
testes
Estrogen
- secreted in response to FSH
- results in development/maintenance of female reproductive system
- initially thickens the endometrium
Progesterone
- secreted by the corpus luteum in response to LH
- involved in development/maintenance of endometrium
- by end of first trimester it is secreted by the placenta
