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Science > Female reproductive system > Flashcards

Female reproductive system Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomical position- ovaries to the uterus

A

Located in the pelvic cavity, lateral to the uterus

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2
Q

2 functions of ovaries

A
  1. Produce hormones: oestrogen and progesterone

2. Produce secondary oocytes for ovulatation

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3
Q

Structures in the ovarian cortex

A

Ovarian follicles/oocytes

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4
Q

Structures in the ovarian medulla

A

Blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves

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5
Q

A hormone secreted from follicles

A

Oestrogen hormone

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6
Q

What are the sections of the uterine (fallopian) tubes?

A

Fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus

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7
Q

The function of the uterine tubes

A

Transport fertilized ovum from the peritoneal cavity to the uterus

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8
Q

How do oocytes move from the ovaries into the uterine tubes?

A
  1. Uterine tubes bend to drape over the ovary
  2. Fimbria stiffen and sweep the ovarian surface
  3. Fimbria have cilia which create currents in the peritoneal fluid to carry the oocyte into the tube
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9
Q

What is the location fertilization occurs in the uterine tubes?

A

Fertilized in the ampulla

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10
Q

2 things that impede the movement of the oocytes?

A
  1. Pelvic inflammatory disease - scar tissue in the uterine tube
  2. Ciggerite smoking- Reduces activity of the cilia
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11
Q

What are the 3 functions of the uterus?

A
  1. Provide a route for sperm to fertilize the oocyte
  2. Retain and nourish the fertilized ovum
  3. Contact of the muscular wall during labour to push out the foetus
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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A
  1. Endometrium- Two layers: Functional layer sheds during menstruation and the basal layer replaces the functional layer
  2. Myometrium- Layers of smooth for expelling the fetus
  3. Perimetrium- layers of tissue that cover the outer surface of organs
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13
Q

What is menstruation?

A

Spiral arteries supply the functional layer. These arteries spasms just before menstruation which restricts blood flow to the functional layer causing it to die and shed. The spirals regenerate with a new basal layer.

A drop-in oestrogen and progesterone hormone case women to have a period

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14
Q

Location of the cervix?

A

The narrow neck of the uterus

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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of the cervix?

A
  1. Producing cervical mucus
  2. Opening during labour to allow baby to pass-through
  3. Protecting uterus from bacteria
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16
Q

What is the hormone that causes mucus to thin allowing mucus to pass through the cervix

A

Oestrogen hormone

17
Q

How is cervical cancer prevented?

A

Women getting the Gardasil (HPV) vaccine and going for cervical smear tests.

18
Q

Location of the vagina

A

Between the urethra and rectum

19
Q

What are the 3 functions of the vagina?

A
  1. Provide a hollow hole for the penis
  2. Outlet for menstrual flow
  3. Passway for childbirth
20
Q

What are the 5 structures of the vulva?

A
  1. Mon pubis
  2. Labia majora
  3. Clitoris
  4. Labia minora
  5. Vestibule
21
Q

Functions of the mammary gland

A

Produce, secrete and eject milk

22
Q

What are the 2 hormones involved in milk production?

A

Oxytocin and prolactin

23
Q

The stimulus for milk production?

A

Frequent suckling on a nipple from a baby

24
Q

Oxytocin and prolactin a positive or negative feedback loop?

A

Oxytocin- Positive eedback loop

Prolactin- Negative feedback loop

25
Q

What is the FSH hormone?

A

Initiates growth of follicles by nurturing the developing oocyte and producing oestrogen from the ovaries. - Produced by the pituitary gland

26
Q

What is the LH hormone?

A

Stimulates ovulation and promotes the formulation of corpus luteum which then secretes progesterone and estrogen. Produced by the pituitary gland

27
Q

What are the 4 phases of the reproductive cycle?

Days they occur and hormone

A
  1. Menstruation- Day 1-5, Low levels of progesterone
  2. pre-ovulatory phase- Day 6-14, Oestrogen
  3. Ovulation- Day 14, Luteinizing hormone
  4. Post ovulatory phase- Day 15-28, Increased levels of estrogen and progesterone

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