female reproductive histo

Question 1

in what phase are primary oocytes arrested?

Answer 1

prophase I

Question 2

what, in general, is occuring in the ovarian cycle?

Answer 2

oocyte/follicular maturation AKA folliculogenesis

Question 3

what, in general, is occuring in the uterine cycle?

Answer 3

endometrium is preparing for implantation then responding to lack of implantation

Question 4

what kind of epithelium lines the ovaries?

Answer 4

ovarian surface epithelium (OSE)

simple squamous to low cuboidal

Question 5

in what layer of the ovaries are follicles found?

Answer 5

the cortex

Question 6

what structure becomes growing follicles after birth?

Answer 6

ovarian surface epithelium

Question 7

what are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 7

follicular phase
ovulatory phase
luteal phase

Question 8

during what phase does the morphology of the follicular cells change?

Answer 8

follicular phase

Question 9

what are the three populations that granulosa cells differentiate into?

Answer 9

cumulus oophorous
mural granulosa cells
corona radiata

Question 10

What cells differentiate to become the theca externa and theca interna?

Answer 10

ovarian stromal cells

Question 11

what hormone stimulates primary oocytes to undergo meiosis I?
what phase are the secondary oocytes arrested in?

Answer 11

LH

metaphase II

Question 12

what cells are recruited to the primordial follicle to initiate folliculogenesis?

Answer 12

granulosa cells

Question 13

what is the difference, histologically, between a primordial and a primary follicle?

Answer 13

primordial follicle has a small squamous epithelial outer layer
primary follicle has a larger columnar epithelial outer layer and eventually forms a zona pellucida

Question 14

what differentiates the secondary follicle from a primary follicle

Answer 14

the presence of an antrum and call-exner bodies within the stromal cells of the ovarian cortex

Question 15

what is the role of the theca interna?

Answer 15

vascular and hormonal support of the granulosa

produces androstenedione and estradiol

Question 16

what is the cumulus oophorus

Answer 16

an “anchor” of granulosa cells anchoring the primary oocyte to the follicle
facilitates nutrient delivery

Question 17

in what kind of follicle does the antrum take up the majority of the follicle?

Answer 17

mature follicle

Question 18

what are mural granulosa cells

Answer 18

granulosa cells that line the wall of the follicle and

• synthesize and secrete estrogen
• produce follicular fluid

Question 19

what cells repair the ovarian surface epithelium following follicle rupture?

Answer 19

theca interna

mural granulosa cells

Question 20

what causes follicle rupture?

Answer 20

proteolytic activity of theca externa and tunica albuginea

Question 21

what occurs in the ovulatory phase?

Answer 21

follicle rupture
primary oocyte is released
surge of LH causes completion of meiosis I

Question 22

what occurs in the luteal phase?

Answer 22

formation of corpus luteum

Question 23

what do mural granulosa cells become during luteinization?

Answer 23

granulosa lutein cells

part of corpus luteum

Question 24

what do theca internal cells become during luteinization?

Answer 24

theca lutein cells

Question 25

what is secreted by granulosa lutein cells? | what stimulates secretion?

Answer 25

progesterone and estrogen, stimulated by LH and FSH

Question 26

what is secreted by theca lutein cells? | what stimulates secretion?

Answer 26

progesterone and androstenedione, stimulated by LH

Question 27

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs? | What stimulates this?

Answer 27

it continues to enlarge, producing progesterone and estrogen | stimulated by hCG

Question 28

what happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur

Answer 28

luteolysis - regression of corpus luteum | stromal CT replaces luteal cells

Question 29

what is follicular atresia?

Answer 29

apoptosis of follicles that fail to ovulate

Question 30

how to atretic follicles appear on histo slide?

Answer 30

glassy, folded

Question 31

what regions of the oviduct are lined by mucosal folds

Answer 31

ampulla and ithsmus

Question 32

what is the effect of estrogen on the ciliated cells of the wall of the oviduct?

Answer 32

they grow in height and produce cilia | occurs in folliculogenesis

Question 33

what is the effect of progesterone on the ciliated cells of the wall of the oviduct?

Answer 33

lose cilia and decrease in height | occurs in luteolysis

Question 34

what is the role of nonciliated secretory cells (aka peg cells)?

Answer 34

secrete nutrients for egg migration

Question 35

what hormone stimulates peg cells?

Answer 35

estrogen

Question 36

which layer of the endometrium is shed in menstruatio?

Answer 36

the functional layer

Question 37

what epithelium is found in the endometrium

Answer 37

simple columnar w/ tubular endometrial glands

Question 38

what arteries supply the endometrium

Answer 38

arcuate arteries functional layer: coiled segment basal layer: straight segment

Question 39

during what phase of the menstrual cycle do the spiral arteries elongate and become convoluted?

Answer 39

proliferative phase

Question 40

what hormone stimulates the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 40

estrogen

Question 41

during what phase of the menstrual cycle doe the glands take on a saw-tooth appearance?

Answer 41

secretory phase leukocyte infiltration also occurs during this phase

Question 42

what three things occur in the ischemic phase?

Answer 42

- regression of the corpus luteum - reduction in blood supply to the fuctional layer of the endometrium - necrosis of the functional layer

Question 43

which layer of the endometrium is in direct contact with the myometrium?

Answer 43

the basal layer!

Question 44

during what phase of the menstrual cycle would implantation occur?

Answer 44

the secretory phase

Question 45

during what stage of the menstrual cycle are the endometrial glands enlarged? why?

Answer 45

the ischemic phase, because they are deprived of nutrients

Question 46

how is the basal layer of the endometrium effected by menstruation?

Answer 46

it's not

Question 47

what two anterior pituitary hormones control the cyclic shifts in estrogen and progesterone levels?

Answer 47

LH and FSH

Question 48

what do decidual cells do to protect bb

Answer 48

provide immune-protective environment | moderate syncytiotrophoblast invasion

Question 49

what hormone stimulates enlargement of the decidual cells?

Answer 49

progesterone

Question 50

what lines the cervical crypts & endocervix?

Answer 50

simple columnar epithelium

Question 51

what lines the ectocervix?

Answer 51

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 52

what is the hallmark of the vaginal wall?

Answer 52

no glands

Question 53

what cells are stained light green on pap smear?

Answer 53

those that are less differentiated & close to the basal lamina

Question 54

the labia major is an extenion of what?

Answer 54

mons pubis

Question 55

what kind of epithelium is the hymen?

Answer 55

external: KERATINIZED stratified squamous internal: nonkeratinized " "