Bony pelvis

Question 1

Weak areas of the pelvis

Answer 1

pubic rami
acetabulum
sacroiliac joints
iliac ala

Question 2

what injury is likely w/ anterior-posterior pressure to the pelvis

Answer 2

multiple fractures of the pubic rami w/o dislocation

Question 3

what injury is likely w/ lateral squeezing pressure to the pelvis

Answer 3

fracture of acetabulum at sacroiliac joint

Question 4

What is the difference between the bones of the android vs gynecoid pelves?

Answer 4

android - thick and heavy

gynecoid - thin and light

Question 5

What is the difference between the android vs gynecoid FALSE pelves?

Answer 5

android - deep

gynecoid - shallow

Question 6

What is the difference between the android vs gynecoid TRUE pelves?

Answer 6

android - deep and narrow

gyneoid - shallow and wide

Question 7

What is the difference between the pelvic inlet of the android vs gynecoid pelves?

Answer 7

android - heart shaped, narrow

gynecoid - oval, wide

Question 8

What is the difference between the pbturator foramen of the android vs gynecoid pelves?

Answer 8

android - round

gynecoid - oval

Question 9

What is the difference between the acetabulum of the android vs gynecoid pelves?

Answer 9

android - larger

gynecoid - smaller

Question 10

What is the difference between the greater sciatic notch of the android vs gynecoid pelves?

Answer 10

android - 70 degrees

gynecoid - almost 90 degrees

Question 11

What is the difference between the inferior pelvic aperture of the android vs gynecoid pelves?

Answer 11

android - smaller

gynecoid - larger

Question 12

What is the action of the coccygeus muscle?

Answer 12

supports pelvic viscera and flexes coccyx

Question 13

What is the action of the piriformis and obturator internus?

Answer 13

rotate thigh laterally

Question 14

What muscles make up the pelvic floor/perineal roof?

Answer 14

coccygeus m
iliococcygeus m
pubococcygeus m
puborectalis m

Question 15

What muscles elevate the anal canal? (levator ani)

Answer 15

iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectal

Question 16

from what structure is the tendinous arch of the levator ani formed?

Answer 16

facsia of obturator internus

Question 17

What is the anatomical significance of the tendinous arch of levator ani?

Answer 17

divides obturator internus into

• superior pelvic region
• inferior perineal region

Question 18

What muscle creates the anorectal angle?

Answer 18

Puborectalis m

Question 19

What muscles are most susceptible to damage during childbirth?
Why?

Answer 19

puborectalis m
pubococcygeus m.
b/c they are the most medial and largest ms. of the levator hiatus

Question 20

What passes through the levator hiatus?

Answer 20

rectum
urethra
vagina

Question 21

What is the function of the ischioanal fossa?

Answer 21

allows movement of pelvic diaphragm and expansion of anal canal

Question 22

What is the significance of the dorsal bend?

Answer 22

AKA anorectal flexure

its the point at which the rectum becomes the anal canal

Question 23

Where is the puborectal sling?

Answer 23

At the anorectal flexure

Question 24

from what structure is mucus secreted to facilitate defecation?

Answer 24

anal sinuses

Question 25

describe the internal anal sphincter

Answer 25

smooth muscle | involuntary control

Question 26

what are the three parts of the external anal sphincter, from proximal to distal?

Answer 26

deep superficial subcutaneous

Question 27

describe the external anal sphincter

Answer 27

skeletal muscle | voluntary control

Question 28

what is the arterial, venous, nerve, and lymphatic supply of the superior 2/3 of the anal canal?

Answer 28

a: IMA v: superior rectal v => portal system n: inferior hypogastric plexus lymph: inferior mesenteric LN => internal iliac LNs

Question 29

what is the arterial, venous, nerve, and lymphatic supply of the inferior 1/3 of the anal canal?

Answer 29

a: internal iliac v: inferior rectal vs => caval system n: inferior rectal ns lymph: superficial inguinal LNs

Question 30

what is the flow of lymph from the superior rectum?

Answer 30

pararectal LNs => sacral LNs => inferior mesenteric LNs

Question 31

what is the flow of lymph from the anal canal

Answer 31

superficial inguinal

Question 32

from what structure does the broad ligament of the uterus arise

Answer 32

PERITONEUM!

Question 33

what are the three parts of the broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 33

mesometrium mesovarium mesosalpinx

Question 34

what structure is covered w the mesometrium

Answer 34

uterus

Question 35

what structure is covered w the mesovarium

Answer 35

ovary

Question 36

what structure is covered w the mesosalpinx

Answer 36

uterine tube

Question 37

what two structures comprise the tendinous arch of pelvic fasica

Answer 37

uterosacral (or rectoprostatic in M) fascia | pubovesical (or puboprostatic in M) fascia

Question 38

what structure makes up the uterosacral fascia

Answer 38

parietal membranous pelvic fascia

Question 39

why do we care about the the uterosacral fascia

Answer 39

it is stretched in childbirth

Question 40

what structure forms the pudendal canal?

Answer 40

obturator fascia

Question 41

what is loose endopelvic fascia

Answer 41

"literally just a fat filled space"

Question 42

what structure makes up the transverse cervical ligament?

Answer 42

condensed endopelvic fascia | more specifically, it is the MIDDLE LAMINA of the hypogastric sheath

Question 43

what separates the superficial and deep perineal pouches?

Answer 43

perineal membrane

Question 44

what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in the MALE

Answer 44

bulb & crura of penis superficial perineal muscles proximal spongy urethra branches of internal pudendal a., v, and pudendal n.

Question 45

what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in the FEMALE

Answer 45

``` crura of the clitoris bulbs of vestibule superficial perineal ms. greater vestibular glands branches of internal pudendal a., v, and pudendal n. ```

Question 46

what are the contents of the deep perineal pouch in the FEMALE

Answer 46

muscles of urogenital diaphragm

Question 47

what are the contents of the deep perineal pouch in the MALE

Answer 47

membranous urethra bulbourethral glands muscles of urogenital diaphragm