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Obstetrics & Gynecology > Female Reproductive Cycle > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Cycle Flashcards

0
Q

proliferative phase endometrial measurement

A

2-8 mm

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1
Q

secretory phase endometrial measurement

A

7-14 mm

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2
Q

normal endometrial thickness during menstruation

A

< 1 mm

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3
Q

Where is GnRH released from?

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

What is GnRH?

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

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5
Q

Where is FSH released from?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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6
Q

Where is LH released from?

A

anterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

What does GnRH stimulate?

A

the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH & LH

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8
Q

What does FSH stimulate?

A

follicular growth (begins estrogen production)

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9
Q

What does LH stimulate?

A

ovulation (stimulates corpus luteum & production of estrogen, progesterone & relaxin)

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10
Q

What two hormones are known as gonadotropins?

A

FSH & LH

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11
Q

What triggers the hypothalamus to release GnRH?

A

low levels of estrogen during menstruation

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12
Q

What is a Graafian follicle?

A

the primary follicle, chosen to mature and release its oocyte

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13
Q

What hormonal change triggers ovulation?

A

surge of LH caused by a sharp peak in estrogen secretion from the mature follicle; FSH secretion inhibited by increased estrogen levels

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14
Q

What is the fate of the Graafian follicle?

A

bursts at ovulation and becomes the corpus luteum, or fails to burst and degenerates, forming a corpus fibrosum

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15
Q

What is the fate of the corpus luteum?

A

grows to maintain a pregnancy, or degenerates to become a corpus albicans

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16
Q

What is the function of the corpus luteum?

A

secretes hormones that prepare the endometrium for implantation and maintain it until the placenta is established

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17
Q

What hormonal changes occur after ovulation?

A

the corpus luteum secretes higher levels of progesterone, and lessens estrogen secretion

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18
Q

When does the corpus luteum begin to degenerate?

A

10-12 days post-ovulation, day 22-24 of the woman’s cycle

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19
Q

What hormonal change triggers menstruation?

A

estrogen and progesterone levels fall: the corpus luteum degenerates, failing to maintain the endometrial lining

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20
Q

proliferative phase, aka

A

follicular phase

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21
Q

follicular phase, aka

A

proliferative phase

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22
Q

secretory phase, aka

A

luteal phase

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23
Q

luteal phase, aka

A

secretory phase

24
Q

The menstrual phase comprises which days of the female cycle?

A

days 1-5

25
Q

The proliferative phase comprises which days of the female cycle?

A

days 6-14

26
Q

Ovulation occurs on which day of the female cycle?

A

day 14

27
Q

The secretory phase comprises which days of the female cycle?

A

days 14-28

28
Q

Where is estrogen secreted, specifically?

A

granulosa cells of ovarian follicles

29
Q

What does estrogen stimulate?

A

release of LH upon peak, proliferation of endometrium

30
Q

What does progesterone stimulate?

A

hypertrophy of the endometrium

31
Q

When is progesterone production at it’s peak?

A

7 days post-ovulation

32
Q

What hormone does progesterone inhibit?

A

LH

33
Q

List two applications of relaxin

A

dilation of the cervix to promote sperm entry and during labour, relaxation of the symphysis pubis for flexibility during delivery

34
Q

What phase of the female cycle is also known as the 3-stripe phase?

A

proliferative/follicular

35
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

pain associated with ovulation

36
Q

During which phase of the female cycle is endometrial coaptation observed on ultrasound?

A

secretory phase

37
Q

normal thickness of a post-menopausal endometrium

A

1-5 mm

38
Q

What happens to the ruptured follicle/corpus luteum after it degenerates?

A

corpus albicans - small white scar on ovary

39
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

ovum with zona pellucida and corona radiata that is protruding from the follicle wall into the follicular fluid cavity just prior to ovulation

40
Q

What happens to the spiral arterioles during the proliferative phase

A

they undergo mitosis so quickly that they coil

41
Q

What happens to a follicle that never ruptures/ovulation never occurs?

A

corpus fibrosum - fluid reabsorbs and small scar forms

42
Q

first menses

A

menarche

43
Q

menarche

A

first menses

44
Q

perimenopause

A

irregular cycles occurring in a woman’s late 40’s, prior to menopause

45
Q

irregular cycles occurring in a woman’s late 40’s, prior to menopause

A

perimenopause

46
Q

menopause

A

1 year without menses

47
Q

What is responsible for rhythmic contractions in the fallopian tubes?

A

estrogen

48
Q

What stimulates cervical mucus secretion?

A

estrogen

49
Q

What causes an increase in body temperature during the female cycle?

A

progesterone secretion at ovulation

50
Q

uterine mucosa, aka

A

endometrium

51
Q

premenstrual phase, aka

A

secretory phase

52
Q

progestational phase, aka

A

secretory phase

53
Q

pseudodecidual phase, aka

A

secretory phase

54
Q

The endometrium is normally 2-8 mm during which phase of the female cycle?

A

proliferative

55
Q

The endometrium is normally 7-14 mm during which phase of the female cycle?

A

secretory

56
Q

immature Graafian follicle measurement

A

1 mm

57
Q

mature Graafian follicle measurement at ovulation

A

18-27 mm

58
Q

How long before the corpus luteum degenerates, if fertilization does not occur?

A

10-12 days

Obstetrics & Gynecology (5 decks)

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