Female Reproductive #3

Question 1

What are the 3 different hormonal stages that maintain the Endometrium?

Answer 1

1. Luteal Phase (before implantation)
2. Implantation - 2nd month
3. 3rd Month - Term

Question 2

Main hormones involved in the maintenance of the Endometrium in the Luteal Phase ?

Answer 2

1. ⬆️LH—> ⬆️⬆️progesterone and ⬆️estradiol

CORPUS LUTEUM

Question 3

Main hormones involved in the maintenance of the Endometrium from implantation to 2nd month?

Answer 3

Placenta: ⬆️hCG —> ⬆️Corpus LUTEUM —> ⬆️⬆️progesterone/⬆️estradiol

Question 4

How is progesterone secretion maintained from the 3rd month to term?

Answer 4

1. LDL delivered to Placenta

Question 5

How is estrogen production maintain from 3rd month to term?

Answer 5

⬆️ Fetal Adrenal Androgens —> ⬆️DHEA —> FETAL LIVER —> ⬆️Androstenedione and ⬆️Testosterone —> PLACENTA AROMATASE —> ⬆️Estriol

Question 6

Main function of hPL (human placental lactogen) ?

Answer 6

⬆️Glucose availability for the Fetus

Question 7

hPL mechanism of action?

Answer 7

1. ⬆️Gluconeogenesis and ⬆️Glycogenolysis
2. ⬆️Insulin Resistance
3. ⬆️Glucose available for fetus

Question 8

Why is glucosuria normal in pregnancy?

Answer 8

1. ⬆️GFR

2. ⬆️Insulin resistance

Question 9

Why is the pituitary gland enlarged during pregnancy?

Answer 9

1. ⬆️ Estrogen —> ⬆️Lactotroph Cells —> ⬆️Prolactin

Question 10

Why is there fluid retention and hemodilution in pregnancy?

Answer 10

1. ⬆️RAAS activity

Question 11

Main physiologic mechanism in spontaneous abortion?

Answer 11

1. Death of Fetus —> ⬆️PGD’s —> ⬆️Contractions —> ABORTION

Question 12

What hormones keep from overproduction of milk during pregnancy?

Answer 12

⬆️Estrogen and ⬆️Progesterone —> ⬇️Milk Synthesis

Question 13

This hormone is inhibited during lactation to ⬆️prolactin synthesis and release ?

Answer 13

2. ⬇️Dopamine