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HISTO [FINALS] > female reproductive > Flashcards

female reproductive Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

identify

The dense connective tissue of the adventitia is rich in (?), making the vaginal wall strong and elastic while binding it the surrounding tissues

A

elastic fibers

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3
Q

identify

The (?) of the vagina is composed mainly of two indistinct layers of smooth muscle, disposed as circular bundles next to the mucosa and as thicker longitudinal bundles near the adventitial layer.

A

muscular layer

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4
Q

identify

Vaginal mucosa is (?)

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

identify

Wall of the vagina lacks
glands and consists of a (?), a (?), and an
(?)

A
  • mucosa
  • muscular layer
  • adventitia
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6
Q

identify

is the more proximal, and ‘inner’ part of the cervix.

It is lined by a mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

A

endocervical canal

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7
Q

identify

is the portion of the cervix that projects into the vagina.

It is lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.

A

ectocervix

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8
Q

identify

two regions of the cervix:

A
  • ectocervix
  • endocervical canal
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9
Q

identify

Is the lower portion of the uterus, connects the vagina with the main body of the uterus, acting as a gateway between them

A

cervix

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10
Q

identify

funnel-shaped distal segment with finger-like extensions (fimbriae)

[uterine tubes]

A

infundibulum

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11
Q

identify

wide middle segment; most common site of fertilization, with numerous mucosal folds

[uterine tubes]

A

ampulla

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12
Q

identify

narrowest segment

[uterine tubes]

A

isthmus

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13
Q

identify

penetrates the uterine walls, with few mucosal folds with the myometrium in the muscularis layer

[uterine tubes]

A

pars interstitialis

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14
Q

identify

segments of uterine tubes:

A
  • pars interstitialis
  • isthmus
  • ampulla
  • infundibulum
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15
Q

identify

  • Paired, muscular tubes continuous with the uterus.
  • Functions to capture and conduct ovulated ovum towards the uterus
A

uterine tubes

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16
Q

identify

white scar that replaces a degenerated corpus, removed by macrophages

A

corpus albicans

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17
Q

identify

secretes estrogen

[corpus luteum]

A

theca lutein cells

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18
Q

identify

secretes progesterone

[corpus luteum]

A

granulosa lutein cells

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19
Q

identify

three layers of follicle cells

A
  • primordial follicle
  • growing follicle
  • mature (graafian) follicle
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20
Q

idenitfy

Consists of a single oocyte surrounded by 1 or more layers of follicle cells (granulosa cells)

A

ovarian follicles

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21
Q

identify

Innermost covering of the ovaries (?)

A

tunica albuginea

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22
Q

identify

cells of mammary glands:

A
  • myoepithelial cells
  • secretory cells
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23
Q

identify

an erectile structure homologous to the penis with paired corpora cavernosa

[vulva]

A

clitoris

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24
Q

identify

homologous and histologically similar to the skin of the scrotum

[vulva]

A

paired labia majora

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25
Q

identify

folds of skin lacking hair follicles but with numerous sebaceous glands

[vulva]

A

paired labia minora

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26
Q

identify

a space whose wall includes the tubuloacinar vestibular glands

[vulva]

A

vestibule

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27
Q

identify

four external genitalia:

A
  • vestibule
  • paired labia minora
  • paired labia majora
  • clitoris
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28
Q

identify

The corpus luteum regresses and circulating levels of progesterone and estrogens begin to decrease 8-10 days after ovulation, causing the onset of menstruation

[menstrual cycle]

A

menstrual phase

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29
Q

identify

After ovulation, the secretory or luteal phase starts as a result of the progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum

[menstrual cycle]

A

secretory phase

30
Q

identify

Coincides with the rapid growth of a small group of ovarian follicles growing as vesicular follicles

[menstrual cycle]

A

proliferative phase

31
Q

identify

three phases of the menstrual cycle:

A
  • proliferative phase
  • secretory phase
  • menstrual phase
32
Q

identify

adjacent to the myometrium has a more highly cellular lamina propria and contains the deep basal ends of the uterine glands

[endometrium]

A

basal layer

33
Q

identify

has a spongier lamina propria, richer in ground substance, and includes most of the length of the glands, as well as the surface epithelium

[endometrium]

A

functional layer

34
Q

identify

two layers of the endometrium:

A
  • functional layer
  • basal layer
35
Q

identify

three major layers of the uterus:

A
  • perimetrium
  • myometrium
  • endometrium
36
Q

identify

It is the mucous membrane of the uterus Subdivided into 2 layers

A

endometrium

37
Q

identify

the middle and thickest layer of the uterus, composed mainly of smooth muscle cells

A

myometrium

38
Q

identify

This is the outermost layer of the uterus, consisting of a thin serous membrane that covers the exterior surface of the organ

A

perimetrium

39
Q

identify

Provides a place to support a developing human

A

uterus

40
Q

identify

  • Known as the “yellowish body”
  • Temporary endocrine gland formed post-ovulation in the ovarian cortex
  • Key role in hormone production (progesterone, estrogens) crucial for menstrual cycle and pregnancy maintenance
A

corpus luteum

41
Q

identify

Smooth muscle contractions begin in the (?), triggered by (?) diffusing from the follicular fluid

A
  • theca externa
  • prostaglandins
42
Q

identify

  • is the hormone-stimulated process by which the oocyte is released from the ovary
  • normally occurs midway through the menstrual cycle around the 14th day of a typical 28-day cycle
A

ovulation

43
Q

identify

  • is characterized by enlarged ovaries with numerous cysts and an anovulatory state (with no follicles completing maturation successfully)
  • common cause of infertility in women
A

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

44
Q

identify

are common and usually benign, but they can produce high estrogen levels and lead to menstrual irregularities

A

follicular cysts

45
Q

identify

the process of programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

46
Q

identify

Most ovarian follicles undergo the degenerative process called (?), in which follicular cells and oocytes undergo apoptosis (the process of programmed cell death) and removal by phagocytic cells

A

atresia

47
Q

identify

formation of specialized secretory granules containing various proteases

A

cortical granules

48
Q

identify

undergo mitosis and form a simple cuboidal epithelium around the growing oocyte.

The follicle is now called the unilaminar primary follicle

A

follicular cells

49
Q

identify

refers to a cluster of cells that surround and support an egg (oocyte) in the female reproductive system and provide essential nutrients and signaling molecules to the developing egg

A

cumulus oophorus

50
Q

identify

a layer of cells that surrounds the egg cell (oocyte) within the ovarian follicle in the female reproductive
system.

It is a protective layer that shields and supports the egg as it matures and prepares for ovulation

A

corona radiata

51
Q

identify

A more fibrous theca with fibroblasts and smooth muscle that merges gradually with the surrounding stroma

A

theca externa

52
Q

identify

A well-vascularized endocrine tissue with typical steroid producing cells secreting androstenedione

A

theca interna

53
Q

identify

a small fluid-filled sac within the ovary where the egg (ovum) develops and is a crucial part of the follicular development process during the menstrual cycle, and it’s where the mature egg is released during ovulation

A

antrum

54
Q

identify

a crucial component of the female reproductive system. They’re found in the ovaries, surrounding developing egg cells (oocytes) within structures called ovarian follicles

A

granulosa cells

55
Q

identify

transparent layer surrounding the oocyte (immature egg cell) in the female reproductive system

A

zona pellucida

56
Q

identify

a clear, gel-like layer surrounding the egg (oocyte) in the female reproductive system

A

zona pellucida forming

57
Q

identify

marks a clear boundary between the follicle and the vascularized stroma and acts as a blood follicle barrier

A

basal lamina

58
Q

identify

are specialized cells found in ovarian follicles, which are small sacs within the ovaries.

These cells surround and nurture the developing egg (oocyte) within the follicle

A

follicular cells

59
Q

identify

connective tissue cells that provide structural support and help regulate the function of other cells

A

stromal cells

60
Q

identify

a female reproductive cell, also known as an egg cell

A

oocyte

61
Q

identify

three primordial follicle cells:

A
  • oocyte
  • stromal cells
  • follicular cells
62
Q

identify

consists of an oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of epithelial cells within a basal lamina

A

ovarian follicle

63
Q

identify

  • Each primary oocyte becomes surrounded by flattened support cells
  • provide support and nourishment to the developing oocyte

[cells of the ovaries]

A

follicular cells

64
Q

identify

Oogonia undergo mitotic divisions and enter the long prophase of the first meiotic division.

Most of these cells undergo apoptotic cell death, but some complete synapsis and genetic recombination before arresting without progressing to later stages of meiosis

[cells of the ovaries]

A

primary oocytes

65
Q

identify

  • Primordial germ cells undergo synchronized mitotic divisions
  • interconnected and undergo mitotic activity, forming a few million interconnected cells

[cells of the ovaries]

A

oogonia

66
Q

identify

These are the initial population of cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal primordia during the first month of embryonic life

[cells of the ovaries]

A

primordial cells

67
Q

identify

cells of the ovaries:

A
  • primordial germ cells
  • oogonia
  • primary oocytes
  • follicular cells
68
Q

identify

The innermost part of the ovary, the (?), contains loose connective tissue and blood vessels that enter the organ through the hilum from mesenteries suspending the ovary

A

medulla

69
Q

identify

The majority of the ovary is made up of the (?), which contains a highly cellular connective tissue stroma and numerous ovarian follicles of varying sizes

A

cortex

70
Q

identify

Each ovary is covered by a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium called the (?)

A

surface or germinal epithelium

71
Q

identify

approximately 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and 1 cm thick almond-shaped organs

A

ovary/ies

HISTO [FINALS] (5 decks)

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