digestive system

Question 1

permanent circular or semilunar folds lining the small intestine which are best developed in the jejunum

Answer 1

plicae circulares

Question 2

Teeth are not made up of cell but are composed of materials like (?),
(?), (?), and (?)

Answer 2

• enamel
• dentin
• cementum
• pulp

Question 3

absorbs water and electrocytes and forms indigestible material into feces

Answer 3

large intestine

Question 4

• polarized protein-secreting cells, usually pyramidal in shape, with
  round nuclei, well stained RER, and apical secretory granules
• these cells secrete like amylase, which begins the breakdown of
  carbohydrates in the mouth

Answer 4

serous cells

Question 5

four regions of the large intestine:

Answer 5

• cecum
• ileocecal valve
• appendix
• rectum

Question 6

are much less numerous, lightly keratinized, and interspersed among the filiform papillae

Answer 6

fungiform papillae

Question 7

forms bulk of the tooth

Answer 7

dentin

Question 8

are very vascular and have a thin layer of keratinized epithelium,
making them appear red due to the underlying blood vessels.

They contain the orbicularis oris muscle and are connected to the gums by the labial frerulum

Answer 8

lips

Question 9

muscular tube, about 25cm long in adults which transports swallowed material from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 9

esophagus

Question 10

• found inside the basal lamina surrounding acini, tubules, and proximal ends of the duct system
• these small, flattened cells extend several units of ducts and their activity is important for moving secretory products into and through the ducts

Answer 10

myoepithelial cells

Question 11

the hard, outernost layer of the tooth

Answer 11

enamel

Question 12

• Polarized, with round basal nuclei and numerous zymogen granules
  apically, typical of protein-secreting cells
• These are the predominant cells of the pancreas and they secrete digestive enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and protease into the pancreatic duct. These enzymes aid in the breakdown of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the small intestine

Answer 12

acinar cells

Question 13

It is the site where the digestive processes are completed and where
the nutrients (products of digestion) are absorbed by cells of the epithelial lining, about 5 meters long

Answer 13

small intestine

Question 14

contains nerves and blood vessels in the tooth

Answer 14

pulp

Question 15

four types of lingual papillae

Answer 15

• filiform papillae
• fungiform papillae
• foliate papillae
• vallate papillae

Question 16

is a mass of striated muscle covered by mucous, which
manipulates ingested material during mastication and swallowing

Answer 16

tongue

Question 17

consists of several parallel ridges on each sides of the tongue, anterior to the sulcus terminalis, but are rudimentary in humans, especially older individuals

Answer 17

foliate papillae

Question 18

three main types of epithelial cells on the tongue

Answer 18

• stratified squamous epithelium
• taste receptor cells (gustatory cells)
• supporting cells

Question 19

is the funnel-shaped region that opens into the small intestine

Answer 19

pylorus

Question 20

three segments of small intestine:

Answer 20

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 21

is a narrow transitional zone, 1.5-3 cm wide, between the esophagus and the stomach

Answer 21

cardia

Question 22

region are identical in microscopic structure and are the sites of gastric glands releasing acidic gastric juice

Answer 22

fundus and body

Question 23

are the largest papillae, with
diameters of 1-3 mm

Answer 23

vallate papillae

Question 24

composed mainly of skeletal
muscle and is not keratinized, allowing for its mobility during activities like swallowing and speaking

Answer 24

soft palate

Question 25

• more columnar in shape with more compressed basal nuclei
• these cells produces mucus which lubricates food and aids in swallowing

Answer 25

mucous cells

Question 26

the mucosa and submucosa of the empty stomach have large, longitudinally directed folds

Answer 26

rugae

Question 27

covers the root of the tooth

Answer 27

cementum

Question 28

cells in salivary glands

Answer 28

• serous cells
• mucous cells
• myoepithelial cells

Question 29

cells in the liver

Answer 29

hepatocytes

Question 30

are the primary functional cells of the liver, characterized by their polygonal shape, arrangement in plates or cords, diverse metabolic activities essential for liver function

Answer 30

hepatocytes

Question 31

• Compact spherical of ovoid masses of endocrine cell embedded within the acinar exocrine tissue of the pancreas
• These cells secrete hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels

Answer 31

pancreatic islets

Question 32

covers the entire mucosa of the SI that project into the lumen (fingerlike)

Answer 32

villi

Question 33

very numerous, have an elongated conical shape and are heavily keratinized, which gives their surface a gray or whitish appearance

Answer 33

filiform papillae

Question 34

created by the maxillary and palatine bones and is covered by a mucous membrane made of non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 34

hard palate

Question 35

two cells in the pancreas:

Answer 35

• aciner cells
• pancreatic islets

Question 36

The papillary and tonsillar areas of the lingual surface are separated by
a V-shaped groove called (?)

Answer 36

sulcus terminalis