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Microanatomy Unit 8 > Female reproductive 1 > Flashcards

Female reproductive 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Germinal epithelium of ovary

A
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Continuous with mesothelium
  • High regenerative capacity: necessary after ovulation
  • CC: Most ovarian cancers occur here
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2
Q

Tunica albuginea of ovary

A
  • Dense, irregular CT

- Collagen fibers and fibroblasts

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3
Q

Cortex of ovary

A
  • Follicles: oocytes + follicular epithelium
  • Stroma: highly cellular connective tissue with some smooth muscle
  • Endocrine glandular tissue: theca interna, corpus luteum, interstitial glands. Vascularized
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4
Q

Medulla of ovary

A
  • Loose connective tissue

- Blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

Oocyte formation

A
  • Fetal development
  • Primordial germ cells differentiate into oogonia
  • Oogonia proliferate through mitosis
  • Oogonia enter meiosis and arrest in prophase of first meiotic division. Now primary oocytes.
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6
Q

Primordial follicle formation

A
  • Stromal cells undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), to form follicular epithelium
  • Fetal development only
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7
Q

Primordial follicle features

A
  • Simple squamous follicular epithelium–low metabolic activity
  • Primary oocyte + simple, squamous follicular epithelium
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8
Q

Initiation of follicle growth

A
  • FSH activates a small fraction of primordial follicles
  • FSH promotes follicular cells to produce aromatase
  • Aromatase converts precursor steroids into estrogen
  • Estrogen drive mitosis
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9
Q

Unilaminar primary follicle

A
  • Follicular epi becomes simple cuboidal–increased metabolic activity
  • Primary oocyte+simple cuboidal follicular epi
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10
Q

Multilaminar primary follicle

A
  • Follicular epi becomes stratified cuboidal–now called granulosa
  • Zona pellucida
  • Filopodia of granulosa cells
  • Gap junction
  • Primary oocyte+stratified cuboidal epithelium
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11
Q

Secondary (antral) follicles

A
  • Granulosa cells produce more estrogen
  • Follicular liquid: hyaluronic acid, steroid binding proteins, other substances
  • Antrum: large fluid filled space in granulosa
  • Cumulus oophorous: granulosa cells surrounding oocyte that contact zona pellucida
  • Primary oocyte+stratified cuboidal epi +one or more fluid filled spaces
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12
Q

Graafian (mature) follicles

A
  • A lot of follicular liquid
  • Stigma: bulge on ovary surface
  • Secondary follicle that pushes the ovary surface outward
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13
Q

Theca folliculi

A
  • Stroma cells surrounding a growing follicle that differentiates to form a sheath
  • Two layers
  • Interna is visible in histology
  • Produces steroid precursors for estrogen production
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14
Q

Atresia

A

-Programmed cell death of ovarian follicles

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15
Q

Interstitial glands

A

-Sometimes after atresia the theca interna does not revert back to stroma and becomes a gland

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16
Q

Ovulation

A
  • Release of secondary oocyte by rupture of graafian follicle into peritoneal space
  • Separates follicular phase and luteal phase
  • LH stimulates ovulation
17
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • Arises from ruptured follicle after ovulation
  • LH causes granulosa cells to become lutenized granulosa cells that produce steroid hormones
  • LH causes theca interna cells to become lutenized and produce steroid hormones
  • Cells undergo hypertrophy
  • Lipochrome pigments give a yellow color
  • Produces progesterone and estrogen
18
Q

Divisions of uterine tubes

A
  • Infundibulum: where oviduct lumen opens to peritoneal cavity
  • Ampulla: longest portion
  • Isthmus: connects ampulla to uterus
  • Intramural part: passes through uterine wall
19
Q

Uterine tube mucosa

A
  • Mucosal folds: most elaborate in ampulla
  • Mucosal epithelium: Simple columnar ciliated, lines oviduct lumen and fimbriae. Two cell types: ciliated and secretory.
  • Lamina propria: cellular, well vascularized connective tissue, smooth muscle in fimbrae
20
Q

Uterine tube muscularis

A
  • Smooth muscle and some connective tissue
  • Two layers: inner circular, outer longitudinal
  • Bends infundibulum close to ovary
  • Peristaltic contractions propel fertilized embryos toward the uterus
21
Q

Uterine tube serosa

A
  • Vascularized loose connective tissue
  • Simple squamous to cuboidal mesothelium
  • Blood and nerve supply for oviduct

Microanatomy Unit 8 (2 decks)

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