Endocrine Glands

Question 1

Membrane impermeable hormones

Answer 1

• Peptides and proteins
• Glycoproteins
• Modified AAs
• Receptors are on the membrane

Question 2

Membrane permeable hormones

Answer 2

• Steroid and thyroid hormones

- Receptors are intracellular

Question 3

Characteristics of cells producing protein hormones

Answer 3

• Abundant RER
• Prominent Golgi
• Hormones in secretory granules

Question 4

Characteristics of cells producing steroid hormones

Answer 4

• Centrally located nucleus
• Lipid droplets
• Abundant smooth ER
• Spherical mitochondria with tubular or vesicular cristae

Question 5

Three regions of adenohypophysis

Answer 5

• Pars tuberalis
• Pars distalis
• Pars intermedia

Question 6

Chromophils

Answer 6

• Cells in the anterior pituitary that contain secretory granules that stained.
• Basophils and acidophils

Question 7

Chromophobes

Answer 7

• Cells in anterior pituitary that don’t stain well

- Stem/progenitor cells

Question 8

Acidophils

Answer 8

-Produce growth hormone (somatotropin) and prolactin

Question 9

Basophils

Answer 9

-Produce FSH, LH, TSH and ACTH, B-LPH

Question 10

Pars intermidea

Answer 10

• Largely inactive

- Colloid filled follicles and cysts

Question 11

Neurohypophysis

Answer 11

• Posterior pituitary
• No secretory granules
• Contains axons of neurons and glial cells
• Secretes ADH and oxytocin stored in Herring bodies

Question 12

Adrenal cortex

Answer 12

• Typical steroid producing cells
• Epithelial origin
• 3 zones

Question 13

Adrenal medulla

Answer 13

• Neuronal origin
• Electron dense secretory granules that react with chromium and silver salts
• Catecholamines

Question 14

Zona glomerulosa

Answer 14

-Mineral corticoids (aldosterone)

Question 15

Zone fasciculata

Answer 15

-Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 16

Zona reticularis

Answer 16

-Sex hormones (cortisol and weak androgen DHEA)

Question 17

Follicular cells

Answer 17

• Protein secreting cells in thyroid

- Cuboidal to low columnar

Question 18

Parafollicular cells

Answer 18

• Also called C cells
• Larger than follicular cells
• Pale in preparation
• Basal lamina of follicles or between follicles
• Produce calcitonin–promotes calcification of bone

Question 19

Chief cells

Answer 19

• In parathyroid glands
• Pale staining, acidophilic
• Produce PTH

Question 20

Oxyphil cells

Answer 20

• Large cells in parathyroid glands
• Highly acidophilic
• Unknown function