Female reproduction system - anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is external genitalia known as?

A

The vulva

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2
Q

What are the internal reproductive organs called?

A

Vagina, uterus, 2 uterine tubes, 2 ovaries

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3
Q

What is the mons pubis/veneris?

A

Rounded pad of fat lying anterior to the symphysis pubis

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4
Q

What is the Labia majora?

A

Two folds of fat and areolar tissue, covered with skin and pubic hair on the outer surface and have a smooth inner surface

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5
Q

What is the labia minora?

A

2 small subcutaneous folds that lie between the labia majora

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6
Q

What is the prepuce?

A

A retractable piece of skin, formed by the labia minora, which surrounds and protects the clitoris

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7
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

The area enclosed by the labia minora in which the openings of the urethra and the vagina are situated

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8
Q

What is the urethral orifice?

A

Immediately in front of the vaginal orifice, on either side lie the openings of the Skene’s ducts

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9
Q

What are Skene’s ducts?

A

2 small blind-ended tubules 0.5cm long running within the urethral wall

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10
Q

What is the vaginal orifice?

A

Introitus of the vagina, the orifice is partially closed by the hymen

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11
Q

What is the hymen?

A

A thin membrane that tears before or during penetrative sexual intercourse

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12
Q

What are the greater vestibular glands?

A

2 small glands that open on either side of the vaginal orifice, they secrete mucus which lubricates the vaginal opening

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13
Q

Is the clitoris external or internal?

A

The majority of the clitoral tissue is internal but some is external

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14
Q

What is the external part of the clitoris?

A

Clitoral glans, densely filled with nerve ending

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15
Q

What is the internal part of the clitoris?

A

Extremely vascular erectile tissue

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16
Q

What is the vagina?

A

A canal from vestibule to the cervix, passing upwards and backwards into the pelvis along the line of the pelvic brim

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17
Q

What are the functions of the vagina?

A

Passage and escape of menstrual flow
Receives the penis and ejaculate during intercourse
Provides exit of foetus during birth

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18
Q

What is the location of the vagina?

A

Bladder is anterior
Rectum is posterior
Uterus is superior
External genitalia is inferior

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19
Q

What is the structure of the vagina?

A

The posterior wall is 10cm long
The anterior wall is 7.5cm long because cervix projects at right angles into upper part
Upper end is the vault

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20
Q

What are the fornices in the vault?

A

Cervix projects into the vault forming fornices
Posterior fornix - largest because vagina is attached to uterus at a higher level behind
Lateral fornices - lie either side
Anterior fornix - in front of the cervix

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21
Q

What are the 3 layers of the vagina?

A

Lining, muscle layer and pelvic fascia

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22
Q

What is the lining of the vagina?

A

Squamous epithelium, arranged in rugae
Kept moist by cervical secretions pH 4.9-3.5 (acidic due to presence of Doderlein’s bacilli

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23
Q

How is the muscle layer of the vagina arranged?

A

Weaker inner circular fibres and stronger outer longitudinal fibres

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24
Q

What is the pelvic fascia?

A

Connective tissue surrounding the vagina

25
Q

What is the uterus?

A

A hollow, paper shaped muscular organ located in the true pelvis between the bladder and the rectum

26
Q

What is the position of the uterus?

A

One of anteversion (uterus leans forward) and anteflexion (bends forwards upon itself)

27
Q

What is the fundus?

A

The domed upper wall between the insertions of the uterine tubes

28
Q

What are the cornuae?

A

The upper outer angles of the uterus where the uterine tubes join

29
Q

What is the cavity of the uterus?

A

The hollow part inside the body, triangular in shape

30
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium (inner, middle, outer)
Endometrium (functional, basal)

31
Q

What is the perimetrium of the uterus?

A

A layer of peritoneum draped over the uterus and the uterine tubes

32
Q

What is the myometrium of the uterus?

A

Muscle layer, consists of inner, middle and outer

33
Q

What is the inner myometrium made up of?

A

Circular fibres around the cornua and cervix

34
Q

What is the middle myometrium made up of?

A

Interlacing spiral fibres - the upper part of the body

35
Q

What is the outer myometrium made up of?

A

Longitudinal fibres - from the cervix anteriorly over the fundus to the cervix posteriorly

36
Q

What is the functional layer of the endometrium?

A

Layer that thickens and is shed during the menstrual cycle

37
Q

What is the basal layer of the endometrium?

A

The layer from which the functional layer regenerates every cycle

38
Q

What is the cervical canal made up of?

A

Columnar epithelium that secrets mucus (known as compound racemose glands)

39
Q

How does the cervix stretch in labour?

A

The muscle fibres are embedded in collagen allowing it to stretch

40
Q

What is the internal os?

A

A narrow opening between the isthmus and cervix

41
Q

What is the external os?

A

A small round opening at the lower end of the cervix

42
Q

How is blood supplied to the uterus?

A

Through the uterine and ovarian arteries - branches of internal iliac artery

43
Q

What is the function of the uterine tubes?

A

Propels the ovum towards the uterus, receives the spermatozoa as they travel upwards, provides a site for fertilisation

44
Q

What is the position of the uterine tubes?

A

They extend laterally from the cornua of the uterus towards the side walls of the pelvis, they arch over the ovaries, the fringed ends hovering near the ovaries in order to receive the ovum

45
Q

How are the uterine tubes held in place?

A

By their attachment to the uterus and the peritoneum

46
Q

What is the interstitial portion of the uterine tubes like?

A

1.25cm long and lies within the wall of the uterus
Lumen is 1mm wide

47
Q

What is the isthmus of the uterine tubes like?

A

A narrow part that extends for 2.5cm from the uterus

48
Q

What is the ampulla?

A

The wider portion of the uterine tubes, where fertilisation usually occurs, it is 5cm long

49
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

The funnel-shaped fringed end that is composed of many processes known as fimbriae, one fimbris is elongated to form the ovarian fimbria (it is attached to the ovary)

50
Q

What is the structure of the uterine tubes?

A

Longitudinal and circular muscle, lining of ciliated columnar epithelium
Contains folds or plicae
Contains goblet-shaped cells which produce secretions to nourish the ova

51
Q

How do uterine tubes receive their blood supply?

A

Through ovarian and uterine arteries - branches of the internal iliac artery and corresponding veins

52
Q

How do uterine tubes receive their nerve supply?

A

Through the ovarian plexus and the parasympathetic system

53
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

The ovaries produce oocytes and the hormones, oestrogen and progesterone

54
Q

What is the position of the ovaries?

A

They are attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligaments, 3cm x 2cm x 1cm, aloud shaped

55
Q

What is the ovary comprised of?

A

The medulla and the cortex

56
Q

What is the medulla of the ovary?

A

The supporting framework, made of fibrous tissue, the ovarian blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves travel through it

57
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Where the vessels enter the ovary (known as the mesovarium)

58
Q

What is the cortex of the ovary?

A

The functioning part of the ovary contains the ovarian follicles in different stages of development, surrounded by storms (unique type of connective tissue)