Female Reproduction Flashcards
Estrus
period of receptivity of the female to be bred by the male
Ovulation
the release of an ovum from a follicle
Follicle
structure on the ovary that contains the ovum
Estrous cycle
all physiological events that occur from one ovulation to the next
Oviposition
the process of laying an egg
Gestation
pregnancy and development of the fetus
Incubation
development of the fetus outside the body
Parturition
the birth process
Which animals have a duplex cervical structure?
rabbits and marsupials
Ovum
egg
What is the defining characteristic of a bicornuate uterus?
poor to moderately developed uterine horns
Which animals with a bicornuate uterus have highly developed uterine horns?
bitches, queens, and sows
What animal has a simplex uterine system?
primate
The more cervices and development in uterine horns indicates…
an animal’s ability to produce multiple offspring
Where is the egg shell developed in an avian reproductive tract?
isthmus
What are the functions of the oviduct?
site of fertilization, transport for the egg, nutrition for developing zygote
What are the functions of the uterus?
transport of fetus, nutrition, site of gestation, endocrine
What is the purpose of the cervix?
a physical barrier to protect the uterus
What is the purpose of the vagina?
semen deposition
What does the placenta do?
nourish the developing embryo
What are the functions of placenta?
exchange of nutrients/waste, exchange of O2 & CO2, hydraulic dampener
What is the purpose of the placenta during parturition?
cervical dilation and lubrication
What type of placental attachment do horses and pigs have?
diffuse
What characterizes a zonary placenta?
a tissue bag surrounding the fetus
What attaches to the embryo in a cotyledonary placenta?
caruncles
What is the endometrium?
internal lining of the uterus
Placental abruption
a blocking of placenta that will result in death of a fetus
What is the first stage of the parturition process?
myometrical contractions/cervical dilation
What is the second stage of the parturition process?
fetal expulsion
What is the third stage of the parturition process?
fetal membrane expulsion
Dystocia
difficulty in giving birth
What are causes of dystocia?
birth weight, size & condition of dam, malrepresentation
What animal has a discoid placenta?
primates
What distinguishes a diffuse placenta?
scattered villi
In an avian reproductive system, which ovary is underdeveloped?
right
