Female Repro II Flashcards
The three histological layers of the uterus are the inner _______, middle ______, and outer ______. Which one is the thickest?
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium (or epimetrium)
myometrium
Endometrium (surface epithelium, uterine glands, stroma, blood supply)
- simple columnar epithelium
- simple tubular glands lined by columnar secretory cells
- CT with ground substance, reticular fibers, many fibroblasts
- spiral arteries supply the functional layer
- straight arteries supply the basal layer (functional layer changes dramatically through menstrual cycle)
Late menstrual endometrium has a thin/thick layer of stroma containing short/long glands and _____ surface epithelium
thin; short; no
short glands are often parallel with lumen
Proliferative endometrium has a thin/thick layer of stroma covered by _____ surface epithelium and contains ____ glands with narrow/wide lumens
thick; simple columnar; long, straight; narrow
Secretory phase endometrium has a thin/thick layer of stroma covered by _____ surface epithelium and contains ______ glands with narrow/wide lumens. The secretory product is ______.
thick; simple columnar; long, coiled glands; wide
(can see prominent spiral arteries)
glycogen and glycoprotein-rich secretions (nutrition source for conceptus)
Cervical mucosa has a thin/thick stroma covered by _____ surface epithelium and contains _____ glands with narrow/wide lumens. The secretory product is _____.
thick; simple columnar; long, branched, non-coiled; wide; mucus (consistency is hormone dependent)
The conceptus arrives in the uterus as a _____, composed of an outer layer _____ surrounding an inner cell mass _______.
blastocyst; trophoblast; embryoblast
Implantation occurs when the _____ invades the surface epithelium and stroma. _____ in the endometrium provide access to maternal blood
trophoblast; vascular lacunae
This is the name of the endometrium during pregnancy
Decidua
Decidual cells are modified stromal fibroblasts that are enlarged, polygon shaped, large euchromatic nuclei (active in protein synthesis)
The _____ is the interface between maternal and fetal blood. The maternal component is a portion of the _____ and the embryonic component is the _____ (derived in part from trophoblast)
placenta; decidua (decidua basalis); chorion
_______ occurs when endometrial tissue is trapped beneath the ovary tunica albuginea
chocolate cyst (named for the brown color of accumulated blood)
The myometrium consists of ____ partially interwoven muscle layers. The smooth muscle cells undergo _____ and _____ during pregnancy, and the increase production of _____, strengthening the myometrium. The reverse happens after pregnancy (apoptosis, atrophy, proteolysis)
3; hyperplasia, hypertrophy; collagen
collagen proteolysis after pregnancy
Uterine _____ (aka _____) are benign smooth muscle tumors in the myometrium that occurs in 1 out of every 4 women.
leiomyomas; fibroids
Perimetrium is made up of _____ where exposed to the peritoneal cavity (continuous with the broad ligament) and _____ where not exposed. Both are made up of ______ and blood vessels.
serosa; adventitia; loose CT
_____ result from occlusion of cervical glands. Secretory product and sloughed secretory cells accumulate in the ducts.
Nabothian cysts
The cervical well is made of dense/loose CT with more/less smooth muscle than the myometrium. During pregnancy, collagen and elastin fibers rearrange for parturition.
Dense; less
_____ is the protrusion of the cervix into the superior portion of the vagina. _____ is the junction between cervical ______ epithelium and vaginal _____ epithelium, and it is the most frequent origin of cervical carcinomas and where the _____ is performed.
External os; Transformation zone; simple columnar; stratified squamous; pap smear
The vaginal mucosa has a _____ epithelium. Epithelial cells accumulate _____, which after desquamation into the lumen, it is released and fermented to ______ by resident _____ bacteria creating an acidic environment that inhibits infectious agents. The vaginal mucosa also has a well vascularized _____ rich in elastic fibers that continue into the muscular layer, made of _____ muscle fibers in 2 layers (inner circular, outer longitudinal). The adventitia is ______.
- stratified squamous
- glycogen
- lactic acid
- lactobacilli
- lamina propria (many lymphocytes and neutrophils here and in the epithelium)
- smooth
- elastic CT
Nipple and areola are highly pigmented skin with long dermal _____. They have radial and circumferential _____ muscle fibers underlying the dermis allowing nipples to become ____. They contain these three kinds of glands.
papillae; smooth; erect
Sebaceous glands, sweat glands, glands of Montgomery (modified sweat glands)
Breast _____ are the basic structural unit of the duct system. They contain _____ made up of secretory elements and the ____ ducts they drain in to, and ______ stroma: dense/loose CT
lobules; parenchyma; intralobular; intralobular; loose
______ stroma separates the lobules and is made of dense/loose CT. Intralobular ducts drain into ______ ducts in this stroma
Interlobular; dense; interlobular
Breast drainage starting with alveoli
Alveoli –> intralobular ducts –> interlobular ducts –> lactiferous duct –> lactiferous sinus –> nipple
(breast lobes contain a bunch of lobules that drain in to a single lactiferous duct and sinus)
Parenchyma of the inactive adult breast lobules are mainly composed of ______. The duct epithelial cells are _____ epithelium. There are _____ cells between the duct epithelial cells and the basement membrane that have triangular or elongated nuclei and an eosinophilic rim of cytoplasm. There is little to no secretory component in inactive breast parenchyma
intralobular ducts; simple cuboidal; myopithelial
The stroma of the inactive breast: intralobular stroma is _____ within lobules. Interlobular stroma between lobules is _____ with some adipocytes
loose CT; denser CT
