Female Repro I

Question 1

_____ is a conduit on ovary anterior surface for blood vessels and nerves

Answer 1

Hilus

Question 2

Ovary functions (2)

Answer 2

1) generate female gametes (oocytes)

2) synthesize female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Question 3

Layers of the ovary (4). Which one are follicles found in?

Answer 3

germinal epithelium; tunica albuginea; cortex; medulla

Cortex

Question 4

Germinal epithelium (epithelium type, fun fact)

Answer 4

simple cuboidal epithelium (continuous with mesothelium); high regenerative capacity (source of most ovarian cancers)

Question 5

Tunica albuginea composition

Answer 5

dense irregular CT; collagen fibers and fibroblasts

Question 6

The ovarian cortex is made of these four things. And give details of each

Answer 6

1) Follicles: oocytes surrounded by follicular epithelium
2) Stroma: highly cellular CT with some smooth muscle
3) Endocrine glandular tissue: includes theca internal, corpus luteum, and intestinal glands; well vascularized and not always present
4) collagenous scars: corpus albicans and corpus fibrosum

Question 7

Medulla composition

Answer 7

loose CT with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics

Question 8

Ovarian follicles functions (2)

Answer 8

house dormant and maturing oocytes; synthesize estrogen

Question 9

Ovarian follicles histological organization (4)

Answer 9

1) small, spherical pockets
2) follicular epithelium (FE) made of follicular cells surrounds a single large oocyte
3) basement membrane of the FE defines the outer boundary
4) avascular - oocyte depends on follicular cells for nutrients/waste removal

Question 10

The ________ induces dramatic morphological and metabolic changes in the oocyte, FE, and surrounding stroma.

Answer 10

menstrual cycle

Question 11

In the fetal ovary, _____ differentiate into _____, which proliferate in the millions and begin meiosis but arrest in ______ of the first meiotic division. They are now _______.

Answer 11

primordial germ cells; oogonia; prophase; primary oocytes

Question 12

Streams cells surrounding each primary oocyte undergo ________, becoming ________.

Answer 12

mesenchymal-to-eptihelial transition (MET); follicular epithelium

This and primary oocyte formation occur only during fetal development

Question 13

The most numerous follicle type in fertile ovaries is the _______. They are densely packed in the outer portions of the _____.

Answer 13

Primordial follicle; cortex

Question 14

_______ is very large, spherical, eosinophilic cell with large round nucleus containing dark thread like chromatin strands. It is surrounded by ________ follicular epithelium.

Answer 14

Primary oocyte; simple squamous

primordial follicle

Question 15

During follicle maturation, _____ grow (25 to 120 micro m diameter), _______ thickens through hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and ______ accumulates in the follicle. Surrounding _____ cells reorganize and differentiate.

Answer 15

oocytes; follicular epithelium; follicular liquid; stromal

Question 16

Stages of follicle maturation (5)

Answer 16

primordial follicle –> unilaminar primary follicle –> multilaminar primary follicle –> secondary/antral/vesicular follicle –> mature/graafian/preovulatory follicle

Question 17

FSH stimulates follicular cells to produce the enzyme ______, which converts precursor steroids into estrogen, which acts as a _____ to drive follicular cell mitosis.

Answer 17

aromatase; mitogen

Question 18

Unilaminar primary follicle has _____ follicular epithelium with a central/acentral oocyte

Answer 18

simple cuboidal; central

Question 19

Multilaminar primary follicle has _____ epithelium also called ______. It also develops _______, a thick basophilic/eosinophilic layer of glycoproteins surrounding and secreted by the ______.

Answer 19

stratified cuboidal; granulosa; zona pellucida; eosinophilic; primary oocyte

Question 20

____ from granuloma cells penetrate the zone pellucid to contact oocyte _____. _____ btwn the granuloma cells and btwn the granulosa cells and oocyte facilitate transport/signaling.

Answer 20

Filopodia; microvilli; gap junctions

multilaminar primary follicle

Question 21

Four characteristics of secondary follicles and epithelium type

Answer 21

Follicular liquid; antrum (liquid filled space containing the primary oocyte and surrounded by the granulosa); corona radiata (granuloma cells that primarily surround the primary oocyte); cumulus oophorous (mound of granuloma cells that attaches the primary oocyte and corona radiata to the follicle wall); stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 22

_______ is secreted by granulosa cells rich in hyaluronic acid, steroid binding proteins and other substances

Answer 22

follicular liquid

Question 23

Graafian (mature/preovulatory) follicles have a _____, whitish transparent bulge on the ovary surface caused by the follice

Answer 23

stigma

Question 24

Theca externa is a supportive outer layer comprised of these three things. It blends with surrounding stroma

Answer 24

smooth muscle, fibroblasts, collagen fibers

Question 25

Theca interna is a _______ inner layer that is highly vascular. Cellular hisotology

Answer 25

hormone producing; eosinophilic, foamy cytoplasm, lot of smooth ER, tubular cristae mitochondria, numerous lipid droplets (all indicative of a steroid producing cell)

produces steroid precursors for estrogen production by the granulosa

Question 26

_____ is the programmed cell death of ovarian follicles

Answer 26

atresia

Question 27

Histology of atretic follicles - follicle collapses and the ______ thickens into a temporary eosinophilic scar composed largely of _____, called the _______.

Answer 27

basement membrane; collagen; corpus fibrosum

Question 28

_____ are clumps of steroid producing cells not associated with a follicle; most common during early puberty

Answer 28

Interstitial glands

Question 29

_______ stimulates ovulation by triggering changes that weaken the follicle wall and increase follicular liquid production

Answer 29

luteinizing hormone

Question 30

________ = secondary oocyte + zona pellucida + corona radiata. Coagulation of _______ holds it on the ovary surface

Answer 30

Oocyte complex; follicular liquid.

Question 31

______ around the opening of the uterine tubes sweep over the ovary surface and _____ on them draw the oocyte complex into the uterine tube

Answer 31

fimbriae; cilia

Question 32

Luteinized ____ and _____ cells undergo hypetrophy which greatly thickens the collapsed follicle wall of the ______.

Answer 32

Granulosa; theca; corpus luteum

(the lutenized granulosa cells are typical steroid producing cells; theca as well but are darker and smaller - the granulosa make up most of the CL wall; the theca are confined to the margins)

Question 33

_______ accumulate in luteinized granulosa cells, giving the corpus luteum a yellowish color. The corpus luteum produces ____ and ____.

Answer 33

lipochrome pigments; estrogen and progesterone

Question 34

_______ is a very large eosinophilic scar composed of collagen fibers and fibroblasts, which remains after _____ of the corpus luteum. With pregnancy, ______ produced by the placenta mimics LH, and sustains the corpus luteum through the beginning of preggers

Answer 34

Corpus albicans; luteolysis

(occurs after 10-12 days with no pregnancy)

HCG

Question 35

Three layers of uterine tube

Answer 35

inner mucosa, middle muscular, outer serosa (no submucosa)

Question 36

Within the uterine tube mucosa, _____ fill much of the lumen. It is lined with _____ epithelium and has two cell types. The _____ of the mucosa is highly cellular and has vascular CT.

Answer 36

mucosal folds; simple columnar ciliated epithelium; ciliated (darkly staining basal bodies!) and secretory cells (basophilic due to secretory products; aka peg cells); lamina propria

Question 37

The uterine tube muscularis is made of _____ with some ______. It has 2 functions.

Answer 37

smooth muscle (thick inner circular, thin outer longitud); CT; bends the infundibulum to the ovary and peristaltic contractions propel conceptus toward uterus

Question 38

Uterine tube serosa is made of highly vascular loose CT with _____ epithelium

Answer 38

simple squamous to cuboidal (mesothelium) - it provides blood and nerve supply for the uterine tube