Female Repro I Flashcards
_____ is a conduit on ovary anterior surface for blood vessels and nerves
Hilus
Ovary functions (2)
1) generate female gametes (oocytes)
2) synthesize female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Layers of the ovary (4). Which one are follicles found in?
germinal epithelium; tunica albuginea; cortex; medulla
Cortex
Germinal epithelium (epithelium type, fun fact)
simple cuboidal epithelium (continuous with mesothelium); high regenerative capacity (source of most ovarian cancers)
Tunica albuginea composition
dense irregular CT; collagen fibers and fibroblasts
The ovarian cortex is made of these four things. And give details of each
1) Follicles: oocytes surrounded by follicular epithelium
2) Stroma: highly cellular CT with some smooth muscle
3) Endocrine glandular tissue: includes theca internal, corpus luteum, and intestinal glands; well vascularized and not always present
4) collagenous scars: corpus albicans and corpus fibrosum
Medulla composition
loose CT with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics
Ovarian follicles functions (2)
house dormant and maturing oocytes; synthesize estrogen
Ovarian follicles histological organization (4)
1) small, spherical pockets
2) follicular epithelium (FE) made of follicular cells surrounds a single large oocyte
3) basement membrane of the FE defines the outer boundary
4) avascular - oocyte depends on follicular cells for nutrients/waste removal
The ________ induces dramatic morphological and metabolic changes in the oocyte, FE, and surrounding stroma.
menstrual cycle
In the fetal ovary, _____ differentiate into _____, which proliferate in the millions and begin meiosis but arrest in ______ of the first meiotic division. They are now _______.
primordial germ cells; oogonia; prophase; primary oocytes
Streams cells surrounding each primary oocyte undergo ________, becoming ________.
mesenchymal-to-eptihelial transition (MET); follicular epithelium
This and primary oocyte formation occur only during fetal development
The most numerous follicle type in fertile ovaries is the _______. They are densely packed in the outer portions of the _____.
Primordial follicle; cortex
_______ is very large, spherical, eosinophilic cell with large round nucleus containing dark thread like chromatin strands. It is surrounded by ________ follicular epithelium.
Primary oocyte; simple squamous
primordial follicle
During follicle maturation, _____ grow (25 to 120 micro m diameter), _______ thickens through hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and ______ accumulates in the follicle. Surrounding _____ cells reorganize and differentiate.
oocytes; follicular epithelium; follicular liquid; stromal
Stages of follicle maturation (5)
primordial follicle –> unilaminar primary follicle –> multilaminar primary follicle –> secondary/antral/vesicular follicle –> mature/graafian/preovulatory follicle
FSH stimulates follicular cells to produce the enzyme ______, which converts precursor steroids into estrogen, which acts as a _____ to drive follicular cell mitosis.
aromatase; mitogen
Unilaminar primary follicle has _____ follicular epithelium with a central/acentral oocyte
simple cuboidal; central
Multilaminar primary follicle has _____ epithelium also called ______. It also develops _______, a thick basophilic/eosinophilic layer of glycoproteins surrounding and secreted by the ______.
stratified cuboidal; granulosa; zona pellucida; eosinophilic; primary oocyte
____ from granuloma cells penetrate the zone pellucid to contact oocyte _____. _____ btwn the granuloma cells and btwn the granulosa cells and oocyte facilitate transport/signaling.
Filopodia; microvilli; gap junctions
multilaminar primary follicle
Four characteristics of secondary follicles and epithelium type
Follicular liquid; antrum (liquid filled space containing the primary oocyte and surrounded by the granulosa); corona radiata (granuloma cells that primarily surround the primary oocyte); cumulus oophorous (mound of granuloma cells that attaches the primary oocyte and corona radiata to the follicle wall); stratified cuboidal epithelium
_______ is secreted by granulosa cells rich in hyaluronic acid, steroid binding proteins and other substances
follicular liquid
Graafian (mature/preovulatory) follicles have a _____, whitish transparent bulge on the ovary surface caused by the follice
stigma
Theca externa is a supportive outer layer comprised of these three things. It blends with surrounding stroma
smooth muscle, fibroblasts, collagen fibers
Theca interna is a _______ inner layer that is highly vascular. Cellular hisotology
hormone producing; eosinophilic, foamy cytoplasm, lot of smooth ER, tubular cristae mitochondria, numerous lipid droplets (all indicative of a steroid producing cell)
produces steroid precursors for estrogen production by the granulosa
_____ is the programmed cell death of ovarian follicles
atresia
Histology of atretic follicles - follicle collapses and the ______ thickens into a temporary eosinophilic scar composed largely of _____, called the _______.
basement membrane; collagen; corpus fibrosum
_____ are clumps of steroid producing cells not associated with a follicle; most common during early puberty
Interstitial glands
_______ stimulates ovulation by triggering changes that weaken the follicle wall and increase follicular liquid production
luteinizing hormone
________ = secondary oocyte + zona pellucida + corona radiata. Coagulation of _______ holds it on the ovary surface
Oocyte complex; follicular liquid.
______ around the opening of the uterine tubes sweep over the ovary surface and _____ on them draw the oocyte complex into the uterine tube
fimbriae; cilia
Luteinized ____ and _____ cells undergo hypetrophy which greatly thickens the collapsed follicle wall of the ______.
Granulosa; theca; corpus luteum
(the lutenized granulosa cells are typical steroid producing cells; theca as well but are darker and smaller - the granulosa make up most of the CL wall; the theca are confined to the margins)
_______ accumulate in luteinized granulosa cells, giving the corpus luteum a yellowish color. The corpus luteum produces ____ and ____.
lipochrome pigments; estrogen and progesterone
_______ is a very large eosinophilic scar composed of collagen fibers and fibroblasts, which remains after _____ of the corpus luteum. With pregnancy, ______ produced by the placenta mimics LH, and sustains the corpus luteum through the beginning of preggers
Corpus albicans; luteolysis
(occurs after 10-12 days with no pregnancy)
HCG
Three layers of uterine tube
inner mucosa, middle muscular, outer serosa (no submucosa)
Within the uterine tube mucosa, _____ fill much of the lumen. It is lined with _____ epithelium and has two cell types. The _____ of the mucosa is highly cellular and has vascular CT.
mucosal folds; simple columnar ciliated epithelium; ciliated (darkly staining basal bodies!) and secretory cells (basophilic due to secretory products; aka peg cells); lamina propria
The uterine tube muscularis is made of _____ with some ______. It has 2 functions.
smooth muscle (thick inner circular, thin outer longitud); CT; bends the infundibulum to the ovary and peristaltic contractions propel conceptus toward uterus
Uterine tube serosa is made of highly vascular loose CT with _____ epithelium
simple squamous to cuboidal (mesothelium) - it provides blood and nerve supply for the uterine tube
