Female repro anatomy

Question 1

What lies within the pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

Ovaries (only true organ of female reproduction)

Uterine tubes

Uterus

Superior part of vagina

Question 2

Perineum?

Answer 2

Inferior part of vagina

Perineal muscles

Bartholin’s glands

Clitoris

Labia

Question 3

Name arrowed areas

Answer 3

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

What shape is pelvic floor?

Answer 5

Funnel shaped

Question 6

Where does pelvic floor attach?

Answer 6

Walls of lesser pelvis - seperates the pelvic cavity from perineum inferiorly

Question 7

Name the hiatus’ in the pelvic floor

Answer 7

Urogenital

Rectal

Question 8

Urogenital hiatus?

Answer 8

Anteriorly situated gap

Allows passage of urethra (and vagina in females)

Question 9

Rectal hiatus?

Answer 9

Centrally positioned gap

Passage of anal canal

Question 10

Perineal body?

Answer 10

Between urogenital hiatus and anal canal

A fibrous node which joins pelvis floor to perineum

Question 11

Muscles of pelvic floor?

Answer 11

Levator ani

Coccygeus

Question 12

What are the levator ani muscles?

Answer 12

Composed of 3 seperate muscles

Pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus

Question 13

Where do levator ani muscles attach?

Answer 13

Anteriorly - pubic bodies of pelvic bone

Laterally - thickened fascia of obturator internus muscle (tendinous arch)

Posteriorly - ischial spines of pelvic bones

Question 14

What is the innervation of the levator ani muscles?

Answer 14

S2, S3, S4

Question 15

Innervation of coccygeus?

Answer 15

Anterior rami of S4 and S5

Question 16

Where does coccygeus originate from?

Answer 16

Ischial spines

Question 17

Position and size of coccygeus compared to levator ani?

Answer 17

Coccygeus is smaller, most posterior

Question 18

Role of pelvic floor muscles?

Answer 18

Support of abdominopelvic viscera (bladder, intestines, uterus etc.) through their tonic contraction.

Resistance to increases in intra-pelvic/abdominal pressure during activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects.

Urinary and faecal continence.

Question 19

What pouches does peritoneum form?

Answer 19

Vesico-uterine (utero-vesico)

Recto-uterine (pouch of douglas)

Question 20

Name the pouches

Answer 20

Question 21

Name the areas on this superior view of female pelvis

Answer 21

Question 22

What drapes over the pelvic organs?

Answer 22

Peritoneum

Question 23

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 23

Double layer of peritoneum

Question 24

How is the broad ligament formed?

Answer 24

As peritoneum drapes over uterine tubes anteriorly and posteriorly –> forms double layer = broad ligament

Question 25

Where does broad ligament extend?

Answer 25

Between uterus and lateral walls of floor & pelvis

Question 26

Function of broad ligament?

Answer 26

Maintain uterus in correct midline position

Contains within it the uterine tubes and (proximal part) of round ligament

Question 27

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 27

Embryological remnant

Question 28

Where does round ligament attach?

Answer 28

Lateral aspect of the uterus

Question 29

Where does round ligament pass through?

Answer 29

Deep inguinal ring to attach to superficial tissue of female perineum

Question 30

Where is the proximal part of the round ligament contained?

Answer 30

Within broad ligament

Question 31

Name the ligaments

Answer 31

Question 32

Is skeletal muscle in levaotor ani voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 32

Voluntary

Question 33

What do the fascial coverings of the levator ani form?

Answer 33

Most of the pelvic diapragm

Question 34

How does levator ani provide continual support for pelvic organs?

Answer 34

Tonic contraction

Refelexively contracts further during situations of inc abdominal pressure

Question 35

Which nerve supplies the levator ani?

Answer 35

Nerve to levator ani - S3, S4, S5 sacral plexus

AND fibres from pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

Question 36

Perineal muscles - superficial or deep?

Answer 36

BOTH

Question 37

Nerve supply of perineal muscles?

Answer 37

Pudendal nerve

THE NERVE OF THE PERINEUM

Question 38

What is the perineal body?

Answer 38

Bundle of colagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach

Question 39

Importance of perineal body?

Answer 39

Pelvic floor strength

Question 40

Bartholin’s/ Greater vestibular glands?

Answer 40

Glands located at posterior end of rectal tissue

Secrete lubricating fluid

Can enlarge - infection

Question 41

Name areas of the perineum

Answer 41

Question 42

What does labium minus cover?

Answer 42

The vestibule