Female Repro

Question 1

What are the main hormonal functions of the ovaries?

Answer 1

Produce estrogen and progesterone.

Question 2

Which layer of the uterus undergoes cycle of proliferation?

Answer 2

The mucuous layer which sheds every 28 days.

Question 3

What effects do estrogen and progesterone display on cervical mucus?

Answer 3

Estrogen causes thin and stringy mucuous to help guide sperm.

Progesterone causes a thick and tacky mucous.

Question 4

Where is Inhibin released in the female reproduction system?

Answer 4

Released from the Ovaries.

This is a peptide hormone.

Question 5

Where are the female steroid hormones released from?
Estradiole
Progesterone
Androstenedione
Testosterone?

Answer 5

All secreted from the ovaries!

Question 6

Where are steroid hormones excreted through?

Answer 6

1/5 through the bile

And the rest through the urine.

Question 7

What effect does estrogen have on the uterus, breast, and skeleton?

Answer 7

Causes increased size and proliferation of endometrial stroma in the uterus.

Increases breast stromal tissue, duct size, and deposition of fat.

Inhibits osteoclastic activity in bone inhibiting bone resorption.

Question 8

What effect does progesterone have on the uterus?

Answer 8

Secretory changes of endometrium to prepare for implantation.

Decreases contractions and prostaglandin production.

Question 9

When is the primary oocyte made and when is the secondary oocyte made?

Answer 9

The primary is made when the diploid oocyte is signalled to undergoe development into a secondary oocyte (Haploid). Most diploid oocytes will remain arrested until signaled during reproductive years. (Halted in prophase)

The secondary oocyte is the result of a meitoic division at ovulation ultimately yielding a haploid gamete, meisosis II will occur following fertilization.

Question 10

Describe the follicular state of the primordial follicle.

Answer 10

This is a single layer of granulosa cells covering the primary oocyte.
These guys secrete hormone oocyte-maturation inhibiting factor haltering maturation.

Question 11

Describe the primary follicle.

Answer 11

Prolferation of the granulosa cells resulting in multiple layers around the primary oocyte.

Question 12

What occurs during the follicular phase and how long does it last?

Answer 12

Follicle devlopment
Endometrial proliferation
Follicular phase is followed by ovulation

Starts on Day one - 14

Question 13

What occurs in the luteal phase?

Answer 13

The corpus luteum forms
Endometrial differentiation occurs
If fertilization does not happen the menses occurs.

Question 14

How often is LH released in the monthly sexual cycle?

Answer 14

Around every 90 minutes or so following the pulsatile pattern of GnRH.

Question 15

What regulatory effects do the steroids estrogen and progesterone have on the hypothalamus and anterior pit?

Answer 15

Both positive and negative feedback.

Question 16

What hormonal regulatory effects are occuring during the follicular phase

Answer 16

Estrogen provides a negative feedback at the level of the anterior pit mostly and a little at the hypothalamus.

However, a rise in FSH causes the secondary follicle to form and development of the theca cells to occur.

Question 17

What hormones play a part at mid cycle just before ovulation?

What regulatory action does this have?

Answer 17

36 hours of high estrogen exert a positive feedback at the anterior pit and hypothalamus causing a FSH,LH peak.

Question 18

What regulatory factors are occuring during the luteal phase by hormones?

Answer 18

Progesterone and estrogen both exert a negative feed back to the anterior pit.

Question 19

What cells produce inhibin A and inhibin B?

Answer 19

Granulosa cells of the ovary.

Question 20

How does Inhibin B function during the follicular phase?

Answer 20

Secreted from granulosa cells

Negative feedback to anterior pit causing inhibition of FSH.

Question 21

How does Inhibin B function just after ovulation?

Answer 21

Inhibin B spikes to decrease FSH secretion.

Question 22

How does inhibin A function during the luteal phase?

Answer 22

Secreted from corpus luteum and inhibits gonadotropin secretion.

Question 23

Where is androstenedione made in the female and what stimulates its production?

Answer 23

LH stimulating Theca cells to transform cholesterol into androstenedione during the follicular phase.

Question 24

Where is Estradiole made and what stimulates its production?

Answer 24

Granulosa cells make estradiole from androstenedione and is stimulated to do so by FSH during the follicular phase.

Question 25

What hormone is thermogenic and causes an increase in body temp?

Answer 25

Progesterone