Female Repro

Question 1

Vagina is lined with what type of epithelium? What is it sensitive to?

Answer 1

lined w/ stratified squamous epithelium

sensitive to hormones

Question 2

T/F: the vag has no glands

Answer 2

true!

Question 3

What are Bartholin’s glands? Where are they located?

Answer 3

greater vestibular glands that secretes mucus into the vag

located on either side of vaginal orifice

can become obstructed or infected

Question 4

What are Skene’s glands? Where are they located?

Answer 4

lesser vestibular glands that secrete mucus into vag

located closer to the external urethral meatus

can become obstructed or infected

Question 5

What is leukorrhea? What is the color and what should be in it?

Answer 5

normal vag discharge from the greater/lesser vestibular glands

clear or whitish in color

should only contain epithelial cells and mucus in discharge

Question 6

What is the vaginal pH before puberty or after menopause?

Answer 6

pH = 7

Question 7

What is the vaginal pH during reproductive years? Why is it different from prior to puberty or post menopause?

Answer 7

pH= 4-5

increased growth of lactobacillus helps prevent infection

Question 8

The external os of the cervix (last part of cervix before entering vag) is filled with what?

Answer 8

thick mucus that prevents flora from getting into uterus

Question 9

What is the endocervical canal lined with?
Hint: its an epithelium

Answer 9

simple columnar epithelium

Question 10

What is the transformation zone of the endocervical canal lined with?

Answer 10

simple columnar epithelium transitions into stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

Where is cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer most commonly found?

Answer 11

transformation zone of the endocervical canal

Question 12

What are the 3 layers of the cervix?

Answer 12

1) endometrium
2) myometrium
3) perimetrium

Question 13

The endometrium of the cervix has 2 layers. What are they and what are the functions?

Answer 13

1) functional layer is closest to the lumen and is lost during menstruation, responds to hormones during menstrual cycle
2) basal layer serves as stem cells to help rebuild functional layer

Question 14

_______ is fertilized in distal fallopian tube (ampulla of uterine tubes)

Answer 14

ovum

Question 15

The breasts respond to _________ and are responsible for __________. What does this account for?

Answer 15

hormones, lactation

accounts for breast tenderness during menstruation

Question 16

Breast ducts and vessels are dilated in response to what before menstruation?

Answer 16

increased hormones

Question 17

When is the worst time to do a breast exam?

Answer 17

menstrual phase

Question 18

What hormone(s) are at their peak during menstruation? What does this do?

Answer 18

increased estrogen and progesterone

increases vascularity, proliferation, and dilation of ducts