Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MJ- Patho Exam 3 > Female Repro 1 > Flashcards

Female Repro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which disease?

  • Infection of the female pelvic organs
  • Begins in vulva and ascends upwards
  • Follows the extension of a variety of microorganisms (usually acquired through sexual contact)
A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In PID, the ascent of infection may resulte in what 3 things?

A
  1. Acute Salpingitis
  2. Pyosalpinx
  3. Tuboovarian abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the principal single organism causing PID?

However, most infections are ________

A

Principal organism= N. gonorrhea (gram neg diplococci)

Most infections are polymycrobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

85% of PID is caused by what 2 organisms?

A
  1. ***N. gonorrhea (gram neg diplococci)–> principal organism
  2. Chlamydia (weakly gram neg)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the incidence of PID greater in sexually promiscuous women or those that are monogamous?

A

Sexually promiscuous women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: PID is occasionally a sequel to postpartum endometritis

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: it is claimed that women with IUD’s are at an increased risk for PID

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do patients with PID usually present?

What does physical exam reveal?

A
  • Present w/ lower abdominal pain
  • PE:
    1. Bilateral adnexal tenderness
    2. Marked discomfort when the cervix is manipulated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 3 complications of PID?

A
  1. Rupture of a tubo-ovarian abscess
  2. Infertility from scarring of the fallopian tubes
  3. Increased rate of ectopic pregnancies

(the 2 main complications are infertility and ectopic pregs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organism is associated with women having endometritis and PID due to IUD use?

(This was a PANCE question)

A

Actinomyces israelii

(A long fillamentous gram positive that looks like a fungus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 6 bacteria are extremely common in genital infections?

A
  1. N. gonorrhea (gram neg)
  2. Gardnerella vaginalis (gram neg)
  3. Treponema pallidum (AKA Syphilis)- spirochete
  4. Granuloma inguinale (gram neg)
  5. Chancroid (gram neg)
  6. Mycoplasma (small gram neg)

“MY GRANdma CHAN GO Gardn TREes”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 4 viruses cause genital infections (commonly acquired by sexual contact)?

What 3 places do they typically affect?

A

Viruses:

  1. Herpes Simplex
  2. HPV
  3. CMV
  4. Molluscum contagiosum

Locations:

  1. Vulva
  2. Vagina
  3. Cervix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genital infections:

Fungal infections typically cause a _______ and includes_______ which lives on the moist surface of the vagina and does not invade deeper into the tissue.

A

vulvovaginitis; Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Candida albicans is a fungal organism that normally lives in the vagina. What keeps this organism in check, preventing a yeast infection?

A

Kept in check by Lactobacillus, which keeps the vagina acidic

(Candida likes a basic environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) are what type of organism?

Are they sexually transmitted?

A

Obligate intracellular organisms sharing features of both bacteria and viruses.

Yes- they are STDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 2 things do Chlamydial infections cause?

A
  1. Cervicitis
  2. Urethritis

(also causes a white curdy discharge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genital infections:

Protozoan infections are typically limited to the _______

What is the most important pathogen?

A

Vagina

Trichomonas vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is seen on histology with Candida albicans

A

Pseudohyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the local sxs of genital infections and which specific organisms cause them?

A
  1. Itching
  2. Pain
  3. Lesions depending on organism (all cause discomfort):
    1. Ulcers
    2. blisters/vesicles (Herpes)
    3. Chancres(syphilis)
  4. condilomatous lesions/ cauliflower type lesions= HPV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 possible systemic sxs of genital infections?

A
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Possible peritonitis and sepsis if bacteria enters from the tubes into the abdominal cavity (G.C.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Systemic sxs of genital infections:

______ & ______ are possible if bacteria enters from the tubes into the abdominal cavity (can be seen with which organism)

A

Peritonitis and Sepsis

Organism= Gonococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does genital herpes typically present?

A

grouped blisters/vesicles on the vulva or the perineal skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What causes the following?

can result in the formation of venereal warts on the vulva, vagina or cervix, called Condyloma accuminatum

A

HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is now the most common venereal disease in the US?

A

HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does syphilis present as?
vulvar ulcers, chancres, or as a cervicitis or vaginal lesions
26
What can happen if syphilis is left untreated?
may progress to a **secondary** or **tertiary** form.
27
28
What is seen on histology with HPV?
Koilocytosis
29
What is seen on histology for Syphilis?
Spirochetes
30
Which organism? * causes a genital infection that presents as **nonspecific inflammation of the vulva and internal genital organs.** * ​Infection may enter the fallopian tubes, causing **lower abdominal pain** and **tenderness** * often accompanied by **fever**
Chlamydia
31
What is one complication of Chlamydia?
infertility
32
Which organism causes a genital infection where a **urethritis** is common and **dysuria** is a common symptom.
Chlamydia
33
Which 3 organisms cause infectious vaginitis?
* 1. Trichomonas vaginalis* * 2. Gardnerella vaginalis* * 3. Candida albicans*
34
which paired glands produce a clear mucoid secretion, which continuously lubricates the vestibular surface
Bartholin gland
35
The ducts of which gland are prone to obstruction and consequent cyst formation? Infection of this cyst leads to abscess formation
Bartholin gland
36
Infection of the Bartholin Gland cyst causes an abscess which is most frequently caused by which 3 organisms?
1. Staph 2. Chlamydia 3. anerobes
37
What is the tx of a Bartholin gland cyst that has been infected and lead to an abscess?
Incisional drainage and abx
38
What condition? ## Footnote Abnormal growth of the vulvar skin characterized by **white plaques**, **atrophy of the skin**, and a **parchment-like consistency** to the skin with **contracture** of the vulvar tissue.
Lichen Sclerosis
39
Who is Lichen Sclerosis is usually seen in?
Middle aged to older women
40
Lichen sclerosis: 1. Slow or fast developing? 2. Malignant potential?
1. **Slowly developing** (but progressive) 2. NO malignant potential
41
What does Lichen Sclerosis reveal histologically (3 things)?
1. hyperkeratosis 2. loss of rete ridges 3. homogenous acellular dermal zone.
42
Carcinoma of the vulva accounts for \_\_\_\_% of all GYN cancers
3%
43
Carcinoma of the vulva is a carcinoma of _____ women, the median age at diagnosis is ______ years.
older women 60 y/o
44
Carcinoma of the vulva is a tumor can be recognized by gross inspection of the external genitalia and presents as what?
a wart-like or slightly raised mucosal lesion or ulcers.
45
Carcinoma of the vulva: ## Footnote Invasive cancer is preceded by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and this is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
preceded by **Carcinoma In-Situ (CIS)** this is called **Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN)** (can go 15-20 yrs as CIS before spreading to basement membrane and becoming invasive)
46
Carcinoma of the vulva: ## Footnote Preneoplastic lesions may also lead to invasive cancer, such as ______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
**Leukoplakia** **Bowen’s disease** (these are both pre-malignant in-situ lesions of vulva)
47
Carcinoma of the vulva: What are clinical symptoms of preneoplastic lesions of the vulva, such as Leukoplakia and Bowen's disease?
1. **Itching** 2. **discomfort** 3. **pain** 4. **bleeding** 5. **asymptomatic** (a significant number of pts)
48
Histologically, how does Carcinoma of the vulva almost always present as? Fast or slow growing?
squamous cell carcinoma Slow growing (but relentless so must be removed)
49
Carcinoma of the vulva: If the diagnosis is made **before** it has **metastasized to the lymph nodes,** the patient has a \_\_\_\_% chance of a 5 year survival following surgical resection.
70% (less favorable prognosis w/ tumors that have spread to the lymph nodes)
50
How do you treat carcinoma of the vulva?
**surgical resection** of the tumor or the entire vulva supplemented with **radiation** therapy and **chemotherapy.**
51
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ accounts for 2% of all GYN cancers
Carcinoma of the vagina
52
Carcinoma of the vagina: * Disease of _____ women * histologically a \_\_\_\_\_\_cell carcinoma * accounts for \>\_\_\_\_\_\_% of all primary malignant tumors of the vagina
older squamous 90%
53
how is Carcinoma of the vagina detected?
Only upon GYN examination
54
Carcinoma of the vagina: 5 yr. survival rate for tumors confined to the vagina (**Stage I)** is \_\_\_\_\_% \_\_\_\_\_% for those with extensive spread (**Stage IV)**.
stage I= 80% Stage IV= 20%
55
90% of vaginal cancers are of _______ origin
squamous cell
56
What is the name of a rare tumor of the vagina that is encountered exclusively in women exposed to **Diethly-stilbesterol (DES)?** (occurs in women whos mothers were given DES while they were pregnant with them)
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
57
Where does clear cell adenocarcinoma develop most frequently?
anterior wall of the upper third of the vagina
58
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma is MC b/w ages ____ and \_\_\_\_
17 and 22
59
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ account for the clear nature of the cytoplasm in clear cell adenocarcinoma
Abundant glycogen
60
T/F: Clear Cell Adenocarcinomas are essentially curable when _large_
FALSE essentially curable when **small**
61
What is the name of the rare vaginal tumor in **children** that appears as **confluent polypoid masses** that extend from the **introitus** **of the vagina.**
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Sarcoma Botryoides)

MJ- Patho Exam 3 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions