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SF3.07_Pelvic Viscera_MULHERON > Female Pelvic Viscera > Flashcards

Female Pelvic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Label all:

A
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2
Q

Adnexa of uterus =

A
  • ovary + uterine tube
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3
Q

Label all:

A
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4
Q

Label:

A

bladder

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5
Q

Location of uterus in relation to the bladder in females:

A
  • uterus lays on top of urinary bladder.
  • urge to urinate is entirely pressure driven.
  • increased urge to urinate during pregnancy due to inreased uterine weight on the bladder.
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6
Q

Vestibule of vagina:

A
  • area between labia minora.
  • urethra and vaginal canal open into vestibule.
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7
Q

Path of vagina to abdominal cavity:

A

cause of pelvic inflammatory disease

  1. opening of vagina
  2. up vagina
  3. into cervix
  4. into uterus
  5. through and out fallopian tubes
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8
Q

Vagina blood supply:

A
  • pelvic portion: vaginal artery; branch of uterine artery/internal iliac.
  • perineal portion: internal pudendal artery.
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9
Q

Nervous innervation to pelvic vagina:

A
  • Autonomics: uterovaginal plexus
  • Pain: pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic; S2-S4 lower limb pain)
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10
Q

Uterovaginal plexus is a sub-plexus of:

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

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11
Q

Nervous innervation to perineal vagina:

A

Pudendal nerve (motor and sensory)

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12
Q

Vaginal fornices:

A
  • recesses created by cervix entering vagina.
  • exploited for examination and surgical access.
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13
Q

The anterior fornix can be used to palpate:

A

bladder

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14
Q

The lateral fornices can be used to palpate:

A

ovaries, oviduct, ureters

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15
Q

The posterior fornix can be used to palpate:

A

uterus, rectum, rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

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16
Q

Through what vaginal pouch can you enter the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas), and therefore the abdominal/pelvic cavity?

A

posterior fornix

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17
Q

Label all:

A
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18
Q

Label all:

A
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19
Q

The two openings of the cervix:

A
  • internal os = between cervix and uterus.
  • external os = between cervix and vagina.
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20
Q

What is the normal anatomical position of the uterus:

A

anteverted and anteflexed.

  • anteverted = angle cervix enters vagina.
  • anteflexed = angle between cervix and uterus body.
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21
Q

Anteflexion of uterus:

A
  • angle between cervix and uterus body.
  • uterus tipped forward as it rests on the urinary bladder.
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22
Q

Anteversion of uterus:

A
  • angle cervix enters vagina.
  • protects/covers external os of cervix.
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23
Q

As the urinary bladder fills in females, what will occur to the uterus?

A
  • retroflexion: uterus body and fundus tips posteriorly.
  • retroflex uterus = retrovert cervix angle into vagina.
24
Q

Label all:

A
25
Q

The three layers of the uterus:

A

​PME

  • outer = perimetrium; has peritoneum covering it.
  • middle = myometrium; thickest layer, a muscular layer.
  • inner = endometrium
26
Q

The uterus is supported by what ligaments?

A
  1. round ligaments.
  2. transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments.
  3. uterosacral ligaments.
27
Q

Blood supply to the uterus:

A
  • uterine artery; branch of internal iliac.
  • Runs in transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament.
  • Passes OVER ureter.
28
Q

What occurs to the uterine artery as it enter and traverese the uterine wall?

A
  • uterine artery coils back on itself
  • when uterus expands during pregnancy, uterine artery can expand with it.
29
Q

Nervous innervation to uterus:

A
  • Sympathetic pain pathway: fundus, body, and uterine tubes
  • Parasympathetic pain pathway: cervix
30
Q

Dilation of the cervix pain is transmitted to the CNS how?

A
  • visceral afferents running along parasympathetics via pelvic splanchnic nerves.
  • S2-S4; lower leg pain.
31
Q

Function of uterine tubes:

A
  • passageway for ovulated eggs to reach uterus
32
Q

Infundibulum:

A
  • distal-most portion of uterine tube
  • the opening into peritoneal cavity
33
Q

The little fingers on the end of the uterine tube surrounding the infundibulum:

A

fimbriae

34
Q

Fertilization typically takes place in what part of the uterine tube?

A

ampulla

35
Q

The proper ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus arise from what embryonic structure?

A
  • caudal genital ligament
  • proximal end = proper ovarian ligament.
  • distal end = round ligament of the uterus.
36
Q

The two ligaments assoicated with the ovaries:

A
  1. proper ovarian ligament
    • ​​ attaches ovary to uterus
  2. suspensory ligament of ovary
    • a fold of peritoneum elevated by the ovarian artery and vein
37
Q

Path of ovarian artery and vein to ovaries:

A
  • direct branch off aorta around L2
  • runs through suspensory ligament of ovary to ovary
38
Q

Nervous innervation to ovaries:

A
  • above pelvic pain line.
  • pain afferents run along sympathetic nerves.
  • pain referred to T10 and T11 dermatomes. Low back pain.
39
Q

Ovarian pain is referred to what dermatomes?

A
  • T10 and T11 dermatomes.
  • Low back pain.
40
Q

Vesicouterine pouch location:

A
  • between bladder and uterus.
  • formed by peritoneum/broad ligament covering uterus.
41
Q

Rectouterine pouch location:

A
  • between uterus and rectum.
  • formed by peritoneum/broad ligament covering uterus.
42
Q

Label all:

A
43
Q

Significance of rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas):

A
  • Deepest/most inferior extent of female peritoneal cavity.
  • Any fluid in a female’s abdomen will settle in the rectouterine pouch.
  • Can be assayed via posterior fornix.
44
Q

Label all:

A
45
Q

What ligaments form the white lines in the image?

A
  • transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments.
    • carry uterine arteries.
    • primary support of cervix at pericervical ring.
46
Q

Label all:

A
47
Q

Cause of uterine prolapse (2):

A
  1. pericervical ring dilated or stretched.
  2. connective tissue structures attaching to pericervical ring damaged.

external os of the cervix protrudes first.

48
Q

Hysterectomy:

A
  • surgical removal of the uterus
49
Q

Reasons for hysterectomy (5):

A
  1. uterine prolapse
  2. endometriosis
  3. abnormal uterina bleeding
  4. fibroids
  5. cancer
50
Q

Three types of hysterectomies:

A
  1. radical hysterectomy
  2. total hysterectomy
  3. partial/sub-total hysterectomy
51
Q

Radical hysterectomy:

A
  • removal of entire uterus, adnexa, and upper part of vagina.
52
Q

Total hysterectomy:

A
  • removal of uterus fundus, body, and cervix.
  • adnexa and upper part of the vagina remain.
53
Q

Partial/sub-total hysterectomy:

A
  • removal of uterine body and fundus.
  • pericervial ring and adnexa stay.
54
Q

Two types of fibroids:

A
  1. myoma = muscle fibroid.
  2. leiomyoma = muscle and connective tissue fibroid.
55
Q

Endometriosis:

A
  • endometrial tissue somewhere other than the uterus.
  • ectopic endometrial tissue.
  • tissue grows in response to hormonal changes and can be painful.

SF3.07_Pelvic Viscera_MULHERON (4 decks)

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