Female Offending & Diversity Flashcards
Generalizability problem
Fitting women into theories based on men’s & boys experiences
- woman’s issues ignored until 1970s
- woman seen as driven to crime due to biological influences
Finish: “The _______ woman”
Invisible
Females are more likely to run away and what other two things?
Females _______.
Males externalize.
To use drugs and to cut themselves.
Woman are nurtures so they hold a lot inside, females internalize.
Gendered organization
Institutions that have their thinking & Symbols of gender in their processes, practices, distribution in power, images & ideaologies
EX. Female cops are looked at as weak.
Sexism
Oppressive attitudes & behaviors directed at either sex
Patriarchy
A social, legal & political climate that values male dominance & hierarchy
Gender related crimes
More likely to be committed by one sex than the other
(Gender related crimes) female gender offenses:
Mostly prostitution
Gender stability
Same but not same pace
Gender divergence
Starts off the same then pairs off to be different
Gender convergence
Starting off different then comes to be the same
Stability
Forcible rape, possession of weapons
Convergence
Most common pattern.
-Changes in data collection
(Convergence) changes in law enforcement:
War on drugs, labeling, etc.
Divergence
Murder, nonnegligent manslaughter & running away
Black woman are given the maximum bail.
Pre trial release:
Black woman are less likely to get this than whites
-having kids helps but only for women
War on drugs.
Conflict theory:
Powder coke vs crack cocaine
-poor vs wealthy
(War on drugs) Fair sentencing act of 2010
- “crack mothers” were believed to choose the drug over welfare of baby
- charged w/delivery of controlled substance to a minor, child abuse, murder
- women partners often hide bf drugs, women often loyal so they serve time instead
Social constructs of black women: (4)
-victimization:
- the mammy
- the matriarch
- welfare mom
- the hoochie
(Rape) often caused by seduction.
The mammy
Takes care of kids , nurturing
The matriarch
Emasculates men, powerful
Welfare mom
Lazy, Spanish
The hoochie/Jezebel
Black & sexual, pushy
Latinas & women of color:
Result:
Spanish speaking
- women are hot blooded & sexual
- machismo & submissive (either take control or they do whatever to please the man)
Result: Cj sees violence as the culture.
Asian cultures:
- women are exotic
- associated with sex work
- men and women seen as weak
- women more passive (violence:turns more towards males than females)
Impact of stereotypes
Woman are discouraged from divulging their victimizations (not allowed to talk about what happens to them)
Gender entrapment:
Battered black women
-women who protect themselves are presented as assertive & angry black women
(Sex discrimination) Equal treatment (null) hypothesis
Males and females treated the same
(Sex discrimination)
Chivalry/paternalism hypothesis
Female treated more leniently for protection
(Sex discrimination)
Evil woman hypothesis
Females treated more harshly because they violated gender roles and laws.
EX. Her killing her kids.
Too much like a man considered evil & aggressive
Battered woman syndrome
Battered women, the longer the abuse the harsher it is
(Chivalry hypothesis)
Typicality hypothesis
Female treated chivalrous when charges consistent with gender stereotypes
EX. White woman with higher education=more chivalry
(Chivalry hypothesis)
Selectivity hypothesis
Chivalrous treatment to white females
(Chivalry hypothesis)
Differential discretion hypothesis)
Stages of the system; chivalrous treatment is informal decision
