Female Histology

Question 1

Order of female follicle types

Answer 1

• primordial follicle (thin outer layer)
• primary follicle (single granulosa layer)
• secondary follicle (pieces of antrum)
• mature/Graafian follicles (confluent antrum)

Question 2

Primordial follicles

cell stage

Answer 2

1˚ oocyte

prophase I

Question 3

Histology of primordial follicles

Answer 3

distinct nucleolus

Question 4

1˚ follicles

cell stage

Answer 4

1˚ oocyte

prophase I

Question 5

2˚ follicles

cell stage

Answer 5

1˚ oocyte

prophase I

Question 6

What signals final maturation of Graafian follicles

Answer 6

LH
1˚ oocyte –> 2˚ oocyte
2˚ oocyte arrested in metaphase II

Question 7

2˚ oocyte arrested in which phase

Answer 7

metaphase II

until comes in contact with sperm

Question 8

Difference between 2˚ follicles and Graafian follicles

Answer 8

2˚ follicle: non-confluent antrum

Graafian: confluent antrum

Question 9

How/where are androgens produced in follicles

Answer 9

LH stimulates thecal growth and androgen production

granulosa cells convert androgen –> estrogen via aromatase

Question 10

Corpus luteum

Answer 10

temporary structure after oocyte expelled

releases estrogen and progesterone via LH stimulation

Question 11

How long does the corpus leuteum last in the case of pregnancy

Answer 11

first trimester
hCG stimulates LH receptors on corpus leuteum to produce androgens
converted by granulosa cells to estrogen via aromatase

Question 12

How long does corpus leuteum last in case of non-pregnancy

Answer 12

14 days (leuteal phase is always about 2 weeks, follicular phase varies among individuals)

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for repair of the uterus after menstruation

Answer 13

estrogen

Question 14

Inhibin is produced by

and controls

Answer 14

FSH loop

Question 15

Inhibin b is actually important in women

why

Answer 15

keeps FSH at near normal levels during LH spike

after estrogen spike causes LH spike

Question 16

Two cell types lining fallopian tubes

Answer 16

Peg cells: secrete mucus

ciliated: transfer cells

Question 17

Two layers of endometrium

Answer 17

basal: does not shed
functional: deep spongy w/ edema and glands, superficial

Question 18

Types of vessels in:
basal endometrium
functional endometrium

Answer 18

basal: straight vessels
functional: tortuous vessels

Question 19

How many layers of sm muscle in myometrium

Answer 19

3

Question 20

Epithelium in cervix

Answer 20

inner: simple columnar
outer: stratified squamous
* abrupt transition zone is where most cervical cancers are

Question 21

Epithelium in vagina

Answer 21

stratified squamous non-keratinizing

Question 22

What is the interesting thing stored in vaginal epithelium

Answer 22

glycogen!
when it is shed, metabolized by vaginal bacteria to make acidic environment
prevents other infections

Question 23

Function of glycogen in vagina

Answer 23

cells storing glycogen are shed into vagina
glycogen is metabolized to lactate to make acidic environment
prevents colonization by other bacteria