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Clinical Skills: Unit 4 > Female Genitalia > Flashcards

Female Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

Name for the external genitalia of a female.

A

Vulva

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2
Q

Hair covered fat pad overlying the symphysis pubis.

A

Mons Pubis

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3
Q

Thinner pinkish-red hairless folds extending from the prepuce at the clitoris.

A

Labia Minora

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4
Q

Boat-shaped fossa between the labia minora.

A

Vestibule

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5
Q

The opening to the vagina.

A

Introitus

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6
Q

Area between the inferior portion of the vulva and thus anus.

A

Perineum

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7
Q

Located in the superior vestibule between the clitoris and Introitus.

A

Urethra Meatus

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8
Q

Adjacent to the Urethral Meatus

A

Skene Glands

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9
Q

Located posteriorly on either side of the vaginal opening. Not usually visible due to being deep.

A

Bartholin’s Glands

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10
Q

Cup-shaped area of the vagina that surrounds the cervix.

A

Fornix

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11
Q

What migrates towards the Os of the cervix to create the transformation zone?

A

Squamocolumnar Junction

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12
Q

Encompassing term for the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and supporting tissues.

A

Adnexa

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13
Q

What are the two primary functions of the ovaries?

A

Ova production
Hormone Secretion

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14
Q

What area is at risk for dysplasia and the reason we perform a Papanicolaou (Pap smear).

A

Transformation Zone

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15
Q

Term for when the bladder prolapses into the vagina.

A

Cystocele

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16
Q

Term for when the small bowel prolapses into the vagina?

A

Enterocele

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17
Q

Term for when the rectum prolapses into the vagina?

A

Rectocele

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18
Q

What scale is used to assess the maturity of girls?

A

Tanner Scale

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19
Q

What two things does the Tanner Scale consider when assessing maturity of females?

A

Pubic Hair
Breast Development

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20
Q

Tanner stage where there is no breast tissue?

A

Stage 1

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21
Q

Tanner stage where there is breast buds

A

Stage 2

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22
Q

Tanner stage where there is enlargement of the breast and areola without separation

A

Stage 3

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23
Q

Tanner stage where the areola and nipple form a mound atop breast tissue

A

Stage 4

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24
Q

Tanner stage where the breast are in adult configuration and the breast have a smooth contour

A

Stage 5

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25
Q

Tanner stage where there is no pubic hair

A

Stage 1

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26
Q

Tanner stage where pubic hair is spare with long pigmented hair along the labia majora

A

Stage 2

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27
Q

Tanner stage where there is darkening, coarsening, and curling of pubic hair which extends up laterally

A

Stage 3

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28
Q

Tanner stage where there is the pubic hair of an adult but it is limited to the mons

A

Stage 4

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29
Q

Tanner stage where the pubic hair spread to the medial aspect of the thighs

A

Stage 5

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30
Q

Term used to describe the age at of menses

A

Menarche

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31
Q

Absence of menses for 12 consecutive months, usually occurring between 48 - 55 year old.

A

Menopause

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32
Q

Bleeding occurring 6 months or more after the cessation of menses

A

Post-menopausal Bleeding

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33
Q

Post-menopausal bleeding is a sign of what?

A

Uterine cancer until proven otherwise

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34
Q

Absence of menses

A

Amenorrhea

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35
Q

Pain with menses, often with bearing down, aching, or a cramping sensation in the lower abdomen or pelvis.

A

Dysmenorrhea

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36
Q

A cluster of emotional, behavioral and physical symptoms occurring 5 days before menses and for 3 consecutive cycles.

A

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

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37
Q

Bleeding between menses that includes infrequent, excess, prolonged, or post-menopausal bleeding.

A

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

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38
Q

What percentage of women report dysmenorrhea?

A

50%

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39
Q

What is the primary cause of dysmenorrhea in women?

A

Increased Prostaglandin

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40
Q

Complete absence of periods in a person older than 15.

A

Primary Amenorrhea

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41
Q

Absence of periods after menarche.

A

Secondary Amenorrhea

42
Q

When a patient has less than 21 days between menses.

A

Polymenorrhea

43
Q

When a patient has infrequent bleeding (post-menarche)

A

Oligomenorrhea

44
Q

Excessive flow during menses

A

Menorrhagia

45
Q

Intermenstrual bleeding

A

Metrorrhagia

46
Q

What are 3 common causes of postcoital bleeding

A

Cervical Polyps
Cancer
Atrophic Vaginitis

47
Q

What are 3 possible causes of Postmenopausal bleeding

A

Endometrial Cancer
HRT
Polyps

48
Q

What is the average age of Menarche of girls in the United States?

A

9 - 16 years old

49
Q

How long does menses typically last?

A

3 - 7 days

50
Q

What is the typical age range that menopause occurs?

A

48 - 55 Years Old

51
Q

What is the median age of menopauses?

A

51

52
Q

What are 3 vasomotor symptoms of Menopause?

A

Hot Flashes
Flushing
Diaphoresis

53
Q

What are 3 common findings in postmenopausal women?

A

Accelerated Bone Loss
Increase in LDL and Total Cholesterol
Vulvovaginal Atrophy and Dryness

54
Q

While hormone replacement therapy of Estrogen and Progesterone may relieve symptoms, why is it not recommended for postmenopausal women?

A

Increases other Health Hazards

55
Q

Total number of pregnancies a woman has had.

A

Gravidity

56
Q

Number of times a woman has given birth to a viable fetus

A

Parity

57
Q

Number of pregnancies lost for any reason. (does not count stillbirths)

A

Abortus

58
Q

A woman who has never been pregnant

A

Nulligravida

59
Q

A woman who is pregnant for the first time.

A

Primagravida

60
Q

A woman who has been pregnant more than one time

A

Multigravida or Secundigravida

61
Q

Giving birth after how many weeks is considered a full-term birth?

A

37 weeks

62
Q

How many births do twins count as when calculating parity?

A

1

63
Q

If a fetus is aborted after 20 weeks, what is it counted as?

A

Premature Birth

64
Q

Painful sexual intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

65
Q

Involuntary spasms of the muscles surrounding the vaginal orifice making penetration during intercourse painful or impossible.

A

Vaginismus

66
Q

What are two possible origins of vaginismus?

A

Physical
Psychological

67
Q

Acute pelvic pain in menstruating females warrants immediate attention because some of the differentials may be life-threatening. List 3 of these life-threatening differentials.

A

Ectopic Pregnancy
Ovarian Torsion
Appendicits

68
Q

When is pelvic pain considered to be chronic?

A

6+ months
No response to treatment

69
Q

What percentage of ambulatory referrals are due to chronic pelvic pain?

A

10%

70
Q

What percentage of hysterectomies are due to chronic pelvic pain?

A

20%

71
Q

Occurs due to retrograde menstrual flow and extension of the uterine lining outside of the uterus

A

Endometriosis

72
Q

What percentage of females with endometriosis report pelvic pain

A

50 - 60%

73
Q

Forms tumors in the uterine wall and submucosal or subserosal surfaces in the pelvis.

A

Adenosis and Fibroids

74
Q

Adenosis and fibroids are a red flag for what?

A

History of Sexual Abuse

75
Q

What are the high-risk HPV subtypes for Cervical Cancer?

A

HPV 16 and 18

76
Q

What percentage of Cervical Cancers worldwide are due to either HPV 16 or 18

A

70%

77
Q

What is the average estimated time for a high-risk HPV lesion to progress to cervical cancer?

A

10 Years

78
Q

What are the two low-risk subtypes of HPV

A

HPV 6 and 11

79
Q

What do HPV 6 and 11 generally cause?

A

Genital Warts

80
Q

What are two notable risk factors for developing Cervical Cancer

A

Failure to be Screened
Multiple Sexual Partners

81
Q

What age should we begin HPV screening?

A

21 Years Old

82
Q

How often should we screen for HPV

A

Every 3 years

83
Q

What age should we stop screening individuals for HPV?

A

65

84
Q

Should with screen patients after they’ve had a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix?

A

Not recommended

85
Q

Classification of Pap Smear Cytology: Bethesda System - 1

A

Negative intraepithelial lesion or malignancy

86
Q

Classification of Pap Smear Cytology: Bethesda System - 2

A

Atypical Squamous Cells:
- undetermined significance (ASC-US)
- Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL)
- High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL)

Glandular Cells

87
Q

Classification of Pap Smear Cytology Bethesda System - 3

A

Other malignant neoplasm such as sarcomas or lymphomas are rare.

88
Q

At what age is the HPV vaccine recommended?

A

11 and 12

89
Q

What is the earliest age that the HPV vaccine can be administered?

A

9

90
Q

Although relatively rare, what is the fifth leading cause of cancer related deaths for women?

A

Ovarian Cancer

91
Q

What are the 3 important symptoms of ovarian cancer?

A

Abdominal Distention
Abdominal Bloating
Urinary Frequency

92
Q

What are two risk factors for Ovarian Cancer?

A

BRCA 1 or 2
1st degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer

93
Q

What percent of Ovarian Cancers appear to be random?

A

Over 90%

94
Q

Should CA-125 testing be used for Ovarian Cancer?

A

No
Neither Specific nor Sensitive

95
Q

What is the most commonly reported STI in the United States and is most common in women?

A

Chlamydia

96
Q

At what age should annual screen for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea be performed in sexually active women?

A

25+ years with risk factors:
- new partner
- multiple partner
- infected partner

97
Q

What percentage of pregnancies in the United States are unintentional?

A

50%

98
Q

Estrogen + Progestin have an increased risk of what two life-threatening events?

A

Stroke
Thromboembolic Events

99
Q

Estrogen + Progestin increase the risk of what two other negative outcomes?

A

Breast Cancer
Dementia

100
Q

Estrogen alone decreased the risk of what?

A

Breast Cancer

Clinical Skills: Unit 4 (5 decks)

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