Breast and Axillae Flashcards
How far up does the breast tissue extend on the chest?
Clavicle and 2nd Rib
How far down does the breast tissue extend on the chest?
6th Rib
From where to where does the breast tissue transverse the chest?
Sternum to Midaxillary Line
What muscle does the breast tissue overlie?
Pectoral Major
Clusters of glands found in the breasts.
Lobules
Clusters of Lobules.
Lobes
How many lobes are situated radially around the areola?
15 - 20
Type of gland that is milk-secreting.
Mammary Gland
(Tubuloaveolar)
Bumpy parts of the areola include what types of glands?
Sebaceous Gland
Sweat Glands
Montgomery Glands
What is responsible for the milk-letdown reflex?
Nerves
What two hormones are involved in the ejection of Milk from the breast?
Prolactin
Oxytocin
What contracts to express milk?
Muscles
What are the four boundaries of the axilla (broadly speaking).
Apex
Base
Four Walls
What lymph nodes are most likely to be Palpable during a breast exam?
Central Lymph Nodes
Where are the Central Lymph Nodes located when performing a breast exam?
Deep within the Axilla
What are some breast discharge findings that would make you more concerned for breast cancer?
Bloody or Serous
Unilateral
Spontaneous
Associated with a Mass
40+ years old
What type of tumor located outside of the breast could cause Galactorrhea?
Pituitary Gland Tumor
Enlargement of glandular tissue of the breast in men.
Gynecomastia
When in the menstruation cycle is the breast exam best done?
5 - 7 days after menstruation
What position should the patient be in during the breast exam?
Supine
What is the preferred patten of palpation when performing the breast exam?
Vertical
What quadrant of the breast is most likely to develop cancer?
Lateral Upper Quadrant
What are two special exam considerations that you should consider when performing a breast exam?
Post-Mastectomy
Post-Breast Augmentation
Term used to describe an extra nipple.
Extranumerary or Supernumerary Nipple
What is the lifetime risk for a female to develop breast cancer?
1 in 8
At what age should women start receiving breast cancer screenings?
40 Years Old
How often should women get screened for breast cancer?
Every 2 Years
What age do women typically stop being screened for breast cancer?
75 Years Old
Mutations of what 2 genes increase the likelihood of a woman developing breast cancer?
BRCA 1 or 2
What percent of the total amount of breast cancer is found in men?
Less than 1%
If a man is found to have BRCA 1 or 2 gene mutation, at what age should he begin breast cancer screening?
35 Years Old
If a man has a family history of breast cancer, what age should he begin to receive breast cancer screenings?
50 Years Old
(or)
10 years before the age of the earliest known case in the family
What is the most commonly used Imaging technique to diagnose breast cancer?
Mammogram (X-Ray)