Female and Male reproductive systems

Question 1

Testes

Answer 1

Sperm cell productions
Production of testosterone

Question 2

Epididymis

Answer 2

Long coiled tube that carries and stores sperm cells produced by the testicles
Maturation of sperm
Transport pathway for sperm connecting the testes to the vas deferens
Protects sperm as they mature and prepares them for ejaculation

Question 3

Vas deferens

Answer 3

Transporting sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts
Muscular layer generate strong contractions to assist in the propulsion of sperm

Question 4

Seminal Vesicles

Answer 4

Produce a fluid rich in fructose that provides nutrients for sperm cells and contributes between 60-80% of the total volume of semen.

Question 5

Ejaculatory ducts

Answer 5

Deliver sperm into the urethra while adding secretions and additives from the prostate
Provides an interface between the reproductive and urinary systems
Mix sperms stored in the ampulla with fluids secreted by the seminal vesicles and transports to the prostate

Question 6

Prostate gland

Answer 6

Secretes an alkaline solution that surrounds sperm
Adding secretion to the sperm during ejaculation of semen
Producing seminal fluid
Surrounds the urethra

Question 7

bulbourethral glands

Answer 7

Produces the pre-ejaculate fluid

Question 8

Penis

Answer 8

Urination
Sexual intercourse

Question 9

Testicular arteries

Answer 9

bilateral pair of vascular structures that branch directly from the abdominal aorta. Arise from the anterolateral surface of the massive artery caudal to the renal vessels at the base of the L1-L2.

Question 10

paired testicular veins

Answer 10

formed from the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum and are a network of veins that are wrapped around the testicular arteries.

Question 11

ovaries

Answer 11

Produces and releases female gametes
Secretes sex hormones mainly estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

Uterine tubes

Answer 12

Connects the peritoneal cavity with the uterine cavity
Provides a site for fertilization
Transports the ovum from the ovaries to the body of the uterus
Facilitate the movement of the female gamete through ciliated columnar epithelial cells and smooth muscle contractions.
End in Fimbriae of Uterine tubes: finger like projections that help capture the ovum from the ovary.

Question 13

Uterus

Answer 13

Nourishing and housing a fertilized egg until the fetus is ready to be delivered
Plays a role in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth
Accommodates embryonic and fetal development
Assisting in pushing out the baby during birth through muscle contractions
Fundus: upper part
Corpus (body): central, muscular portion
Isthmus:: narrow region between body and cervix

Question 14

Cervix

Answer 14

Nourishing and housing a fertilized egg until the fetus is ready to be delivered
Plays a role in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth
Accommodates embryonic and fetal development
Assisting in pushing out the baby during birth through muscle contractions
Fundus: upper part
Corpus (body): central, muscular portion
Isthmus:: narrow region between body and cervix

Question 15

Vagina

Answer 15

Connects the uterus and cervix to the outside of the body
Allows for copulation during sexual intercourse
Serves as the birth canal during childbirth
Channels menstrual flow
Muscular canal leading towards the cervix

Question 16

Labia

Answer 16

Covers and protects the urinary openings, vaginal openings, and clitoris from external trauma
Protects the vaginal and urethral openings from mechanical irritation, dryness, and infections
Contribute to lubrication and sexual stimulation during vaginal intercourse

Question 17

Clitoris

Answer 17

A small projection of erectile tissue in the vulva of the female reproductive system.
No reproductive function purely for pleasure

Question 18

Vestibule

Answer 18

Two openings of the urethral orifice and the vaginal orifice
Contains the Bartholin’s glands (for vaginal lubrication) and the skene’s glands (for fluid ejaculation and meatus lubrication
Surrounds the clitoral glans, clitoral hood, and frenulum clitoridis
The bulb of the vestibule becomes engorged with blood during sexual arousal.

Question 19

Ovarian artery

Answer 19

Supplies blood to the ovaries arises from the abdominal aorta below the renal arteries and is a paired structure and contributes to the vascularization of the uterus and uterine tubes.

Question 20

Uterine Artery

Answer 20

supplies blood to the uterus and arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery and travels to the uterus by traveling in the cardinal ligament

Question 21

Right ovarian vein

Answer 21

Right drains directly into the inferior vena cava

Question 22

Left Ovarian vein

Answer 22

Left drains into the left renal vein

Question 23

Broad Ligament

Answer 23

Supports and stabilizes the uterus that helps maintain the uterus in a central position within the pelvic cavity
Encloses and protects various reproductive structures, including the Uterine tubes, ovaries, and blood vessels.

Question 24

Ovarian Ligament

Answer 24

Support the female viscera and provide a conduit for neurovascular structures.

Question 25

Round Ligament

Answer 25

Two round ligaments support the uterus and stretch as the uterus grows during pregnancy. From Uterus to Labia Conditions like endometriosis and varicose veins can also affect the round ligaments.

Question 26

suspensory Ligament

Answer 26

Anchors the ovary to the pelvic wall and convects the ovarian vessels and nerves.

Question 27

suprapubic catheter

Answer 27

are left in place and must be changed at least every 3 months surgically inserted through a small hole a few inches below the belly button.

Question 28

Urethral catheter

Answer 28

tube that is passed retrograde through the urethra into the bladder.

Question 29

Male incontinence

Answer 29

Drippage before and after urination Pressing on the muscle of the urethra

Question 30

Female incontenance

Answer 30

loss of bladder control can be caused by pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause

Question 31

Ovarian torsion

Answer 31

The ovary twists around its ligaments cutting off blood flow and causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and severe pain. Can lead to tissue death if not treated Twisting is often due to large cysts Early stages involve edema and hemorrhage within the ovary, progressing to necrosis if untreated

Question 32

testes torsion

Answer 32

When a testicle rotates or twists the spermatic cord that supplies the blood flow leading to sudden and severe pain and swelling in the affected testicle Symptoms include sudden pain, swelling, and nausea Often occurs in adolescence and young adults.

Question 33

Ectopic testes

Answer 33

Rare congenital anomaly When the testes descend incorrectly instead of entering the site of the scrotum it descends somewhere else Results from an obstruction of the scrotal entrance or from overdevelopment and lengthening of a segment of the gubernaculum.

Question 34

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 34

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg does not travel and stick in the uterus but rather plants itself somewhere else most often in the Uterine tubes. Requires immediate emergency treatment as it is life threatening.