Female And Male Reproductive Flashcards
Diseases of the reproductive system (male and female)
Infertility
Infection
Abnormalities
Tumors
What is the number 1 disease of the reproductive system? And it’s progress?
Infertility. There’s been progress in treating female but no progress with male fertility
Infections in male are due to what reasons?
Younger men: sexual intercourse (STI)
Older male: microbial pathogens
Can STI be cured?
No
State some of the possible infections male can get
Orchitis (testicles) Epididymitis (epididymis) Prostatitis (prostate) Urethritis (urethra) caused by chlamydia Balantitis (STD: caused by bacteria or virus)
List some male STD
Genital herpes (caused by HSV type 2) Gonorrea (burning urination and yellow discharge) Syphilis (can lead to dementia if not treated in tertiary stage
What is crytorchidism
A male abnormality where the testicle does not descend down during fetal development leading to inability of sperm production. This may lead to testicular cancer
What’s the number 1 male reproductive cancer?
Prostate cancer
What’s the most common male reproductive cancer in young men/
Testicular cancer
What’s the most rare male reproductive cancer?
Penis and urethra cancer
T/F
Prostate cancer is the number 1 leading cause of death in men
False. Prostate is the number 1 cancer in men but it’s actually the second leading cause of death in male. Smoking is the number 1 leading cause of death in men
Where’s the vas deferen located?
Anterior to pubis symphysis
What does the testes produce?
Sperm and male sex hormones (testosterone)
What is the epididymis and it’s function?
Tightly coiled tubular structure that is located superoposterior of each testes. Sperm is transferred from testis and stored here. After the spam undergo final maturation, it gets ejaculated.
How many parts is there to the epididymis?
3 parts: head, body, tail
What is testicular cancer and the primary treatment for testicular cancer?
Testicular cancer is very rare, found commonly in men ages 20-34. Usually appears as a painless swelling or mass in the testicle. Surgery is the primary treatment
Describe the vas deferens
Continuation from the tail of the epididymis. Long muscular tube that ascends in the posterior portion of the spermatic cord and travels superiorly over the sym. Pub to the bladder and ureters. It broadens and becomes the ampulla of the vas deferens.
_______ joins with the ducts of the seminal vehicle to form the ejaculatory duct
Vas deferens
______ is enclosed in the spermatic cord
Ejaculatory duct
What’s the seminal vesicle and its location
Paired accessory glands consisting of coiled tubes. Located posterior to the bladder and superior to the prostate. It produces fructose and a coagulating enzyme for the seminal fluid that mixes with the sperm before ejaculation
What’s the prostate , function and location
Largest accessory gland, secretes a slightly alkaline fluid that forms part of the seminal fluid.
The penis is composed of 3 cylindrical masses. What are they
2 corpus cavernosa (upper/ anterior surface)
1 corpus spongiosum (under to posterior surface)
Distal end forms the glans penis
List the female reproductive organs
Uterus
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Vagina
What’s the responsibility of the female reproductive system?
Responsible for producing sex hormone and ova and to also protect / support the developing embryo
T/F
During weeks 1-6 of pregnancy, there’s no gender to the fetus
True
Describe the uterus, location and function
Located between bladder and rectum
Responsible for protecting/nourishing fetus. Consisting of 2 regions (body and cervix)
List the 3 uterine wall layers
Endometrium (inner layer)
Myometrium (middle layer, THICKEST LAYER)
Perimetrium (outer layer)
What’s the NORMAL location of the rectum to the sacrum?
Normally the rectum is anterior to the sacrum
What is a retroverted uterus and is it normal?
A retroverted uterus is normal. It’s when the uterus is tilted posteriorly and very little rectum is in front of the sacrum. This occurs normally due to the overstretching during childbearing years.
Fallopian tube
Roughly 10cm long muscular tube
Responsible for transporting ova (from the ovaries) to the uterus
Ovaries and it’s function
Located on either side of the uterus .
Responsible for production of ova and the secretion of estrogen and progesterone
Describe vagina (location and function)
Located between the rectum and bladder.
Function as receptacle for sperm and lower portion of birth canal
How do doctors examine the vagina?
Doctor check by performing a digital sweep (finger) inside the vagina to check for abnormalities and/ or ridges
What is the upper vaginal area called?
The vault or fornix. Consist of lateral, anterior and posterior fornix
Normally, the vagina is collapsed on a CT. What is placed inside the vagina to give air gap to vagina to open up?
Tam pax or plastic rode
When does uterine, vaginal and urinary abnormalities occur?
When the Müllerian ducts doesn’t form the uterovaginal canal accurately.
The inguinal nodes (groin area) is divided into what 2 categories?
Superficial (anterior/medial to common femoral vessel
Deep (few in numbers, at level of ischial tuberosity)
Uterine fibroids
They’re non-malignant tumors that grow from the muscle layers of the uterus.May lead to abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and pregnancy problems. Uterine fibroids are found in more than 75 percent of women of reproductive age. (Are also called myomas or fibromyomas)
What is endometriosis
Growth of cells normally found in the uterine lining are also growing in other areas of the abdomen
What’s is hydronephrosis
Water/fluid in kidneys
Cervical cancer is the ________ common female cancer
8th
Ovarian cancer is the ________ leading cause of female death
5th
