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Reproductive > Female > Flashcards

Female Flashcards

1
Q

Mesovarium

A

Peritoneal fold attaches ovary to broad ligament

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2
Q

Two other ligaments associated with ovary

A

Suspensory ligament, ovarian ligament

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3
Q

Mesovarium allows ____ to enter ovary

A

Arteries, veins, nerves

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4
Q

Layers of ovary

A

Ovarian epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla,

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5
Q

Stroma

A

Connective tissue in ovary. Contains ovarian follicles

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6
Q

Oogonia

A

Cells from which oocytes develop. 5 million by fourth month development

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7
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of a secondary oocyte from ovary

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8
Q

Polar body

A

Primary oocyte completes meiosis to make secondary oocyte and polar body

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9
Q

Fertilization

A

Begins when a sperm cell penetrates secondary oocyte

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10
Q

Zygote

A

23 pairs join together

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11
Q

Primordial follicle

A

Primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat cells

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12
Q

Zone pellucida

A

Layers of granulosa cells surrounding primary oocyte

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13
Q

Theca externa

A

Synthesis of ovarian hormones. Connective tissue that merges with stroma of ovary

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14
Q

Atresia

A

Degenerate. Only one mature follicle reaches most advanced stages of development

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15
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Follicle after ovulation. Luteal cells secrete progesterone and some estrogen

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16
Q

Corpus albicans

A

Unused corpus luteum

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17
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

Broad ligament attached to uterine tube

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18
Q

Infundibulum

A

Uterine tube opens directly into peritoneal cavity to receive oocyte from ovary. Ciliated mucus membrane

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19
Q

Where does fertilization usually occur?

A

Ampulla

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20
Q

Ampulla

A

Part of uterine tube nearest to Infundibulum

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21
Q

Isthmus

A

Part of uterine tube nearest uterus

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22
Q

Three layers of uterine tube

A

Serosa, muscular, mucosa

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23
Q

Provides nutrients for oocyte or embryonic mass

A

Mucosa of uterine tubes

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24
Q

Three main part of uterus

A

Fundus, body, cervix

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25
Q

Prolapsed uterus

A

Muscles are weakened, uterus extends into vagina

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26
Q

Uterine wall layers

A

Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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27
Q

Functional layer of endometrium

A

Undergoes sloughing during menstrual cycle

28
Q

Spiral arteries

A

Supply blood to functional layer

29
Q

Cervical mucus glands

A

Barrier from vagina to uterus

30
Q

Ridges of vagina

A

Columns (longitudinal)

Rugae (transverse)

31
Q

Fornix

A

Where vagina and cervix meet

32
Q

Hymen

A

Mucus membrane covering vaginal opening. Allows menstral flow

33
Q

Vulva

A

External female genitalia. Vestibule and its surrounding structures

34
Q

Vestibule

A

Vagina opening

35
Q

Clitoris contains two erectile structures

A

Corpora cavernosa, crus of the clitoris

36
Q

Bulb of the vestibule

A

Each erectile body. Narrows vaginal orifice, allowing better contact with penis

37
Q

Greater and lesser vestibular glands

A

Near clitoris and urethra, produce lubrication

38
Q

Mons pubis

A

Labia majora unite over symphysis pubis

39
Q

Pudendal cleft

A

Space between labia majora

40
Q

Broad ligament

A

Extension of peritoneum that spreads out on both sides of uterus and attaches to ovaries and uterine tubes

41
Q

Areola

A

Surrounds the nipple

42
Q

Areolar glands

A

Secretions protect from chafing during nursing

43
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Breasts of males become enlarged

44
Q

Lactiferous sinus

A

Milk accumulated during milk ejection

45
Q

Alveoli

A

Ends of ducts. Secretory sacs

46
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Surround alveoli and contract to expel milk

47
Q

Suspensory ligaments

A

Support and hold breast in place. Over Pectoralis major muscles

48
Q

Menarche

A

First episode of menstrual bleeding. 11-16 years

49
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

Cyclic changes in sexually mature, nonpregnant females

50
Q

Menses

A

Mild hemorrhage that occurs once a month

51
Q

Menstruation

A

Discharge of blood and other elements of uterine mucus membrane

52
Q

Proliferation phase

A

Time between ending of menses and ovulation

53
Q

Follicular phase

A

Rapid development of ovarian follicles

54
Q

Secretory phase

A

Period after ovulation and before next menses

55
Q

Luteal phase

A

Existence of corpus luteum

56
Q

Ovarian cycle

A

Regular events that occur in the ovaries of sexually mature, nonpregnant women during the menstrual cycle

57
Q

FSH exerts its main effect on

A

Granulosa cells

58
Q

LH exerts its initial effect on

A

Theca interna cells, then later on granulosa cells

59
Q

LH surge

A

Initiates ovulation. Causes ovulated follicle to become corpus luteum

60
Q

FSH surge

A

Stimulating synthesis of more LH receptors in follicles

61
Q

LH surge causes the primary oocyte

A

To complete first meitotic division just before or during ovulation

62
Q

Increased progesterone and estrogen have a

A

Negative feedback effect on GnRH release from hypothalamus

63
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin

hCG

A

If fertilized, embryo secretes this to keep corpus luteum from degenerating

64
Q

What is in the menstrual fluid?

A

Necrotic endometrium, mucus secretions, blood from spiral arteries

65
Q

Capacitation

A

Sperm cells- removal of proteins and modification of glycoproteins

66
Q

Female climacteric

A

Time from onset of irregular cycles to complete cessation (3-5 years)

Reproductive (3 decks)

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