Chapter 28

Question 1

Raphe

Answer 1

External irregular ridge on the midline of scrotum

Question 2

Where is the dartos muscle?

Answer 2

Smooth muscle of scrotum

Question 3

Where are the cremaster muscles?

Answer 3

Extensions of abdominal muscles into the scrotum

Question 4

What does the dartos muscle do when it’s cold?

Answer 4

Causes the skin of scrotum to become firm and wrinkled, reducing its size

Question 5

What does the cremaster muscle do in the cold?

Answer 5

Contract and help pull tested nearer to the body

Question 6

Perineum

Answer 6

Area between the thighs that is bounded by the symphysis pubis, coccyx and ischial tuberosity (two triangles)

Question 7

Urogenital triangle

Answer 7

Contains base of penis and scrotum

Question 8

Anal triangle

Answer 8

Contains anal opening

Question 9

What do the testes do?

Answer 9

Endocrine: testosterone
Exocrine: sperm cells

Question 10

Tunica albuginea

Answer 10

Outer part of each testis. Thick, white capsule

Question 11

Septa

Answer 11

Extension of tunica albuginea. Divides testosterone into lobules

Question 12

Lobules

Answer 12

Contain seminiferous tubules

Question 13

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 13

Where sperm cells develop

Question 14

Interstitial cells

Answer 14

Endocrine cells that secrete testosterone

Question 15

Path of sperm

Answer 15

Seminiferous tubules
Tubuli recti
Rete testis
Efferent ductules

Question 16

Efferent ductules

Answer 16

Have cilia that move sperm out of testes

Question 17

Gubernaculum

Answer 17

Fibromuscular cord

Question 18

Inguinal canals

Answer 18

Testes move through here to the scrotum

Question 19

Tunica vaginalis

Answer 19

Surrounds most of testes, secretes fluid to allows testes to move with little friction

Question 20

Crytorchidism

Answer 20

Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum

Question 21

Spermatogenesis

Answer 21

Sperm cell development, in seminiferous tubules

Question 22

Two types of cells in seminiferous tubules

Answer 22

Germ cells

Sustentacular cells

Question 23

Germ cells

Answer 23

Divide and differentiate to form sperm cells during Spermatogenesis

Question 24

Sustentacular cells

Answer 24

Large cells that nourish germ cells. May help interstitial cells produce hormones

Question 25

Blood-testis barrier

Answer 25

Tight junctions between sustentacular cells between germ and Sperm cells. Isolates Sperm from immune system

Question 26

Scrotum

Answer 26

Saclike structure that contains the testes

Question 27

Spermatogonia

Answer 27

Divide by mitosis

Question 28

Primary spermatocytes

Answer 28

Divide by meiosis

Question 29

Spermatogenesis pathway

Answer 29

Primary spermatocytes Secondary spermatocytes Spermatids

Question 30

Spermatids

Answer 30

Contain 22 pairs and an x or Y chromosome

Question 31

Acrosome

Answer 31

Contains enzymes to penetrate female oocyte

Question 32

Seminiferous tubules contain two types of cells

Answer 32

Germ cells and sustentacular cells

Question 33

Germs cells

Answer 33

Divide and differentiate to form sperm cells

Question 34

Sustentacular cells

Answer 34

Nourish germ cells

Question 35

Blood-testis barrier

Answer 35

Barrier between germ and sperm cells that isolate Sperm from immune system

Question 36

Efferent ductules

Answer 36

Form the epididymis

Question 37

Epididymis

Answer 37

Final maturation of sperm cells. 12-16 days travel through epididymis and appear in ejaculate

Question 38

Ductus deferens

Answer 38

From tail of epididymis to ampulla

Question 39

Spermatic cord

Answer 39

``` Ductus deferens Testicular artery and venous plexus Lymphatic vessels Nerves Fibrous remnants of process vaginalis *connects to ductus deferens ```

Question 40

Ampulla

Answer 40

End of ductus deferens

Question 41

How do sperm propel through ductus deferens

Answer 41

Peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle

Question 42

Ejaculatory duct

Answer 42

Short duct from seminal vesicle joins ampulla

Question 43

Three parts to male urethra

Answer 43

Prostatic part Membranous part Spongy part

Question 44

Prostatic urethra

Answer 44

Connected to bladder, passes through prostate gland

Question 45

Membranous urethra

Answer 45

Shortest. Prostate to perineum

Question 46

Spongy urethra

Answer 46

Longest. Length of penis

Question 47

Columns of erectile tissue

Answer 47

``` Corpora cavernosa (2) Corpus spongiosum ```

Question 48

Glans penis

Answer 48

Cap over distal end of penis

Question 49

Bulb of the penis

Answer 49

Corpus spongiosum expands and base of penis

Question 50

Crus of penis

Answer 50

Attach penis to pelvic bone

Question 51

Prepuce

Answer 51

Loose fold of skin covers glans penis

Question 52

Seminal vesicles

Answer 52

Sac shaped glands next to ampulla

Question 53

Prostate gland- where?

Answer 53

Base of bladder.

Question 54

Bulbourethral glands-where?

Answer 54

Near membranous part of urethra

Question 55

Emission

Answer 55

Discharge of all these secretions from the ducta deferentia into urethra

Question 56

Ejaculation

Answer 56

Forceful expulsion of semen from the urethra caused by contraction

Question 57

Bulbourethral glands and urethral mucous glands produce

Answer 57

Mucus that lubricates urethra, neutralizes urethra, reduce vaginal acidity

Question 58

Seminal vesicles secretions

Answer 58

Large amount of fructose, citric acid to nourish sperm, weak coagulant, prostaglandins to promote uterine contractions

Question 59

Prostate secretions

Answer 59

Thin, milky secretions (basic pH) neutralize acidic urethra and vagina. Coagulation

Question 60

Two Gonadotropins

Answer 60

LH, FSH

Question 61

LH in males

Answer 61

Interstitial cell- stimulating hormone. Increase testosterone

Question 62

FSH in males

Answer 62

Bonds to sustentacular cells. Promote sperm production

Question 63

Inhibin

Answer 63

Sustentacular cells inhibit FSH

Question 64

Human chorionic gonadotropin | hCG

Answer 64

Secreted by placenta. Stimulates synthesis and secretion of testosterone by fetal testes

Question 65

Sex act can be performed by males

Answer 65

Who have suffered spinal cord injuries superior to sacral region