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Reproductive > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

Raphe

A

External irregular ridge on the midline of scrotum

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2
Q

Where is the dartos muscle?

A

Smooth muscle of scrotum

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3
Q

Where are the cremaster muscles?

A

Extensions of abdominal muscles into the scrotum

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4
Q

What does the dartos muscle do when it’s cold?

A

Causes the skin of scrotum to become firm and wrinkled, reducing its size

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5
Q

What does the cremaster muscle do in the cold?

A

Contract and help pull tested nearer to the body

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6
Q

Perineum

A

Area between the thighs that is bounded by the symphysis pubis, coccyx and ischial tuberosity (two triangles)

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7
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

Contains base of penis and scrotum

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8
Q

Anal triangle

A

Contains anal opening

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9
Q

What do the testes do?

A

Endocrine: testosterone
Exocrine: sperm cells

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10
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Outer part of each testis. Thick, white capsule

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11
Q

Septa

A

Extension of tunica albuginea. Divides testosterone into lobules

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12
Q

Lobules

A

Contain seminiferous tubules

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13
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Where sperm cells develop

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14
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Endocrine cells that secrete testosterone

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15
Q

Path of sperm

A

Seminiferous tubules
Tubuli recti
Rete testis
Efferent ductules

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16
Q

Efferent ductules

A

Have cilia that move sperm out of testes

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17
Q

Gubernaculum

A

Fibromuscular cord

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18
Q

Inguinal canals

A

Testes move through here to the scrotum

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19
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Surrounds most of testes, secretes fluid to allows testes to move with little friction

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20
Q

Crytorchidism

A

Failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum

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21
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Sperm cell development, in seminiferous tubules

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22
Q

Two types of cells in seminiferous tubules

A

Germ cells

Sustentacular cells

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23
Q

Germ cells

A

Divide and differentiate to form sperm cells during Spermatogenesis

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24
Q

Sustentacular cells

A

Large cells that nourish germ cells. May help interstitial cells produce hormones

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25
Q

Blood-testis barrier

A

Tight junctions between sustentacular cells between germ and Sperm cells. Isolates Sperm from immune system

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26
Q

Scrotum

A

Saclike structure that contains the testes

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27
Q

Spermatogonia

A

Divide by mitosis

28
Q

Primary spermatocytes

A

Divide by meiosis

29
Q

Spermatogenesis pathway

A

Primary spermatocytes
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatids

30
Q

Spermatids

A

Contain 22 pairs and an x or Y chromosome

31
Q

Acrosome

A

Contains enzymes to penetrate female oocyte

32
Q

Seminiferous tubules contain two types of cells

A

Germ cells and sustentacular cells

33
Q

Germs cells

A

Divide and differentiate to form sperm cells

34
Q

Sustentacular cells

A

Nourish germ cells

35
Q

Blood-testis barrier

A

Barrier between germ and sperm cells that isolate Sperm from immune system

36
Q

Efferent ductules

A

Form the epididymis

37
Q

Epididymis

A

Final maturation of sperm cells. 12-16 days travel through epididymis and appear in ejaculate

38
Q

Ductus deferens

A

From tail of epididymis to ampulla

39
Q

Spermatic cord

A 
Ductus deferens 
Testicular artery and venous plexus 
Lymphatic vessels 
Nerves
Fibrous remnants of process vaginalis 
*connects to ductus deferens
40
Q

Ampulla

A

End of ductus deferens

41
Q

How do sperm propel through ductus deferens

A

Peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle

42
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Short duct from seminal vesicle joins ampulla

43
Q

Three parts to male urethra

A

Prostatic part
Membranous part
Spongy part

44
Q

Prostatic urethra

A

Connected to bladder, passes through prostate gland

45
Q

Membranous urethra

A

Shortest. Prostate to perineum

46
Q

Spongy urethra

A

Longest. Length of penis

47
Q

Columns of erectile tissue

A 
Corpora cavernosa (2)
Corpus spongiosum
48
Q

Glans penis

A

Cap over distal end of penis

49
Q

Bulb of the penis

A

Corpus spongiosum expands and base of penis

50
Q

Crus of penis

A

Attach penis to pelvic bone

51
Q

Prepuce

A

Loose fold of skin covers glans penis

52
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Sac shaped glands next to ampulla

53
Q

Prostate gland- where?

A

Base of bladder.

54
Q

Bulbourethral glands-where?

A

Near membranous part of urethra

55
Q

Emission

A

Discharge of all these secretions from the ducta deferentia into urethra

56
Q

Ejaculation

A

Forceful expulsion of semen from the urethra caused by contraction

57
Q

Bulbourethral glands and urethral mucous glands produce

A

Mucus that lubricates urethra, neutralizes urethra, reduce vaginal acidity

58
Q

Seminal vesicles secretions

A

Large amount of fructose, citric acid to nourish sperm, weak coagulant, prostaglandins to promote uterine contractions

59
Q

Prostate secretions

A

Thin, milky secretions (basic pH) neutralize acidic urethra and vagina. Coagulation

60
Q

Two Gonadotropins

A

LH, FSH

61
Q

LH in males

A

Interstitial cell- stimulating hormone. Increase testosterone

62
Q

FSH in males

A

Bonds to sustentacular cells. Promote sperm production

63
Q

Inhibin

A

Sustentacular cells inhibit FSH

64
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin

hCG

A

Secreted by placenta. Stimulates synthesis and secretion of testosterone by fetal testes

65
Q

Sex act can be performed by males

A

Who have suffered spinal cord injuries superior to sacral region

Reproductive (3 decks)

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