Female

Question 1

structure of female reproductive system (8)

Answer 1

fallopian tube- allows for fertilization to take place and has cilia for blastocyst/ ovum to move to the uterus

infundibulum- end of fallopian tube

fimbria- picks up ovum that bursts out of the ovary into the fallopian tube

ovary- produces mature ovum haploid and secretes oestrogen and progesterone from corpus luteum

uterus- allows for an embryo and foetus to develop- has myometrium with involuntary muscles for labour and endometrium lining which provide nutrients and allow for implantation

cervix- end of vagianal canal

vagina- for insertion of the penis to expel semen

Vulva-external sexual genetalia

Question 2

Define oogenesis

Answer 2

the formation of mature female haploid gamete: Ovum

Question 3

Structure of Ovum (4)

Answer 3

follicles- nourishment
zona pellucida- protect and guide sperm
nucleus- contain haploid female genes
cytoplasm- ribosomes and RNA for protein synthesis after fertilization

Question 4

Explain oogenesis

Answer 4

follicles( germ cells) undergo mitosis to produce diploid oogonium which grow to the primary diploid oocyte, which undergoes the first meiotic division to produce one haploid secondary haploid oocyte and a polar body( also undergo second meitic division) . secondary oocyte undergoes the second meiotic division to produce a diploid ovum and another polar body. therefore 3 polar bodies degenerate and due to LH and FSH the ovum develops into the mature graafian follicle for ovulation.

Question 5

What is menopause?

Answer 5

between 45-50 when females stop ovulation and therefore menstruation which renders them infertile- stop hormone production

Question 6

Explain menstrual cycle and and the functions of hormones

Answer 6

Ovarian cycle: The follicle develops into a mature Graafian follicle through FSH released by the pituitary gland. the spike in LH at day 14 shows that graafian follicle bursts for the ovum to move to the fallopian tubes. FSH also increased to allow conversion of the Graafian follicle into the corpus lutetium. which produce estrogen and progesterone

Uterine cycle: mature follicle starts to release progesterone which repears uterine lining from day 6-14.
developing corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone which builds the uterine wall to make it thicker and vascular to prepare for implantation.
Menstruation: high estrogen and progesterone and implantation does not occur so LH and FSH decrease to degenerate corpus luteum then cant produce estrogen and progesterone which then decreases allowing for during day 1-5 the endometrium wall sheds