FELINE VIRAL DISEASES II Flashcards
Family & genus of Feline Calicivirus
- family: caliciviridae
- genus: vesivirus
Properties of feline calicivirus
Non enveloped, RNA,
Calicivirus infects what tissue
Squamous epithelium
What type of animals are affected by calicivirus (species & age)
- many species; especially cats
- any age cats
Why are the Clinical features & epidemiology of caliciviruses different?
- extremely variable signs due to variable strains
Mild signs of caliciviruses
- pneumonia
- vesiculation & ulceration of oral epithelium
What other virus is similar to caliciviruses & hard to differentiate?
Herpesviruses
Clinical signs of highly virulent systemic strains of calicivirus
- SQ & facial edema
- striking ulceration of nose, pinnae, feet
How are caliciviruses sread
- fomites
- direct contact
- shed via oral secretions for extended periods
Incubation pd of caliciviruses
2-6 days
Most consistent sign in mild and severe form of caliciviruses
Oral ulceration
Pathology of caliciviruses
- vesicular rupture and ulceration after 2-3 wks
- footpad lesions
- edema of face and limbs
- hepatic necrosis & in other organs b/c of vascular injury
Why is it hard to dx caliciviruses?
Dual infections w/ herpesviruses prod. signs similar to other diseses
Dx of caliciviruses
- viral isolation in feline cell culture (neg if low virus, most sensitive)
- viral Ag in infected tissues by IF, IHC, or RT-PCR
- Serology (if vx or prior exposure)
Differential Dx for caliciviruses
- mild calicivirus from Feline Herpesvirus 1
- limping syndrome
- dual FCV & FH1 infections
Vx for feline calicivirus
- modified live
- multi-strain
- IN (route)
Prevention of feline calicivirus
- isolate sick animals
- decontamination
Core vx against feline calicivirus
- FPV
-FHV-1
- FCV
- Rabies
What causes the multiple strains of caliciviruses
Mutations
Family of feline herpesvirus 1
- Family: herpesviridae
Properties of feline herpesvirus 1
- enveloped
- DNA
- infection can turn latent
What is the name of the disease caused by feline herpesvirus 1
Feline viral rhinotracheitis
Where and at what age does felid herpesvirus 1 cause disease
- acute disease of upper respiratory tract
- cats in 1st yr of life
Felid herpesvirus 1/FVR is common in
Catteries, households w/ multiple cats, shelters
Lesions of Acute form of FVR/felid herpesvirus 1 similar to…
Feline caliciviruses (upper respiratory)
Signs of FVR/Felid herpesvirus 1
- abortion possible in queens
- macroscopic: occasional ulcers on tongue & keratitis w/ corneal ulcers
- microscopic: epithelial necrosis & inclusion bodies
FHV-1/FVR is important etiologic agent of what disease in cats?
Corneal diseae
Dx FVR/FHV-1
- Immunostaining & PCR best b/c its a DNA virus
- best samples: necropsy or biopsy
Differential Dx for FVR/FHV-1
- feline calicivirus
- FeLV
- FIV
- FPV
- Chlamydia psittaci
- toxoplasma
- ccryptococcus
FH1 tends to infect ______ and Calicivirus tends to affect_____
- conjunctiva & nasal passages
- oral mucosa
Vx for FHV-1/FVR
- live modified FVR-FCV
- alone or combo w/ inactivated FPV
Coronaviruses cause what diseases
Feline enteric coronavirus & feline infectious peritonitis
Properties of coronaviruses (&toroviruses)
- enveloped
- RNA
Feline enteric coronavirus & feline infectious peritonitis target what cells?
Macrophages & monocytes
FECV (feline enteric coronavirus) mutations cause what
FIP (Immune mediated & progressive)
What age range of animals are affected by FIP
Young-old
2 serotypes of FIP
- Wet (abdominal effusion)
- Dry
FECV (feline enteric coronavirus) is endemic in
90% catteries
In cats, coronaviruses involve _____ organs
Multiple
Clinical sign of dry type FIP
- ocular &/or neurological signs (major)
Clinical Signs of wet form of FIP
- highly viscous fluid in Peritoneal cavity
T or F: dry form of FIP can’t convert to wet form & many cats can have both forms w/ foci of pyogranulomatous inflamm. in several organs
False; they CAN
Epidemiology of FIP
- fatal disease after 1st few wks of suckling
- persistent gut infections & viral shedding
Pathogenesis
- transmission: fecal to oral
- key event: infection of monocytes & macrophages
- vascular injury due to Ab-Ag complexes & leakage
Gross pathology of FIP
Nodules common especially in uvea
Antemortem Dx of FIP
-serology tests: cross rxn of FECV & FIPV
- High Ab titer is presumptive dx
- hyperglobulinemia
- IF of CoAg
- RT-PCR: ID mutations
Postmortem Dx of FCV
- definitive dx only by immunohistochemical staining for coronavirus Ag
Vx for FIP/FCV
- temperature sensitive mutant vx for young cats
- controversial efficacy
- FEC antibody enhancement
How to control FIP/FCV
Hygiene & separate queen and kittens
