- viral isolation in feline cell culture (neg if low virus, most sensitive) - viral Ag in infected tissues by IF, IHC, or RT-PCR - Serology (if vx or prior exposure)

FELINE VIRAL DISEASES II Flashcards by Aliyah Thompson

Family & genus of Feline Calicivirus

family: caliciviridae
genus: vesivirus

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Properties of feline calicivirus

Non enveloped, RNA,

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Calicivirus infects what tissue

Squamous epithelium

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What type of animals are affected by calicivirus (species & age)

many species; especially cats
any age cats

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Why are the Clinical features & epidemiology of caliciviruses different?

extremely variable signs due to variable strains

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Mild signs of caliciviruses

pneumonia
vesiculation & ulceration of oral epithelium

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What other virus is similar to caliciviruses & hard to differentiate?

Herpesviruses

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Clinical signs of highly virulent systemic strains of calicivirus

SQ & facial edema
striking ulceration of nose, pinnae, feet

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How are caliciviruses sread

fomites
direct contact
shed via oral secretions for extended periods

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Incubation pd of caliciviruses

2-6 days

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Most consistent sign in mild and severe form of caliciviruses

Oral ulceration

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Pathology of caliciviruses

vesicular rupture and ulceration after 2-3 wks
footpad lesions
edema of face and limbs
hepatic necrosis & in other organs b/c of vascular injury

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Why is it hard to dx caliciviruses?

Dual infections w/ herpesviruses prod. signs similar to other diseses

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Dx of caliciviruses

viral isolation in feline cell culture (neg if low virus, most sensitive)
viral Ag in infected tissues by IF, IHC, or RT-PCR
Serology (if vx or prior exposure)

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Differential Dx for caliciviruses

mild calicivirus from Feline Herpesvirus 1
limping syndrome
dual FCV & FH1 infections

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Vx for feline calicivirus

modified live
multi-strain
IN (route)

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Prevention of feline calicivirus

isolate sick animals
decontamination

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Core vx against feline calicivirus

-FHV-1

FCV
Rabies

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What causes the multiple strains of caliciviruses

Mutations

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Family of feline herpesvirus 1

Family: herpesviridae

Properties of feline herpesvirus 1

enveloped
DNA
infection can turn latent

What is the name of the disease caused by feline herpesvirus 1

Feline viral rhinotracheitis

Where and at what age does felid herpesvirus 1 cause disease

acute disease of upper respiratory tract
cats in 1st yr of life

Felid herpesvirus 1/FVR is common in

Catteries, households w/ multiple cats, shelters

Lesions of Acute form of FVR/felid herpesvirus 1 similar to…

Feline caliciviruses (upper respiratory)

Signs of FVR/Felid herpesvirus 1

- abortion possible in queens - macroscopic: occasional ulcers on tongue & keratitis w/ corneal ulcers - microscopic: epithelial necrosis & inclusion bodies

FHV-1/FVR is important etiologic agent of what disease in cats?

Corneal diseae

Dx FVR/FHV-1

- Immunostaining & PCR best b/c its a DNA virus - best samples: necropsy or biopsy

Differential Dx for FVR/FHV-1

- feline calicivirus - FeLV - FIV - FPV - Chlamydia psittaci - toxoplasma - ccryptococcus

FH1 tends to infect ______ and Calicivirus tends to affect_____

- conjunctiva & nasal passages - oral mucosa

Vx for FHV-1/FVR

- live modified FVR-FCV - alone or combo w/ inactivated FPV

Coronaviruses cause what diseases

Feline enteric coronavirus & feline infectious peritonitis

Properties of coronaviruses (&toroviruses)

- enveloped - RNA

Feline enteric coronavirus & feline infectious peritonitis target what cells?

Macrophages & monocytes

FECV (feline enteric coronavirus) mutations cause what

FIP (Immune mediated & progressive)

What age range of animals are affected by FIP

Young-old

2 serotypes of FIP

- Wet (abdominal effusion) - Dry

FECV (feline enteric coronavirus) is endemic in

90% catteries

In cats, coronaviruses involve _____ organs

Multiple

Clinical sign of dry type FIP

- ocular &/or neurological signs (major)

Clinical Signs of wet form of FIP

- highly viscous fluid in Peritoneal cavity

T or F: dry form of FIP can’t convert to wet form & many cats can have both forms w/ foci of pyogranulomatous inflamm. in several organs

False; they CAN

Epidemiology of FIP

- fatal disease after 1st few wks of suckling - persistent gut infections & viral shedding

Pathogenesis

- transmission: fecal to oral - key event: infection of monocytes & macrophages - vascular injury due to Ab-Ag complexes & leakage

Gross pathology of FIP

Nodules common especially in uvea

Antemortem Dx of FIP

-serology tests: cross rxn of FECV & FIPV - High Ab titer is presumptive dx - hyperglobulinemia - IF of CoAg - RT-PCR: ID mutations

Postmortem Dx of FCV

- definitive dx only by immunohistochemical staining for coronavirus Ag

Vx for FIP/FCV

- temperature sensitive mutant vx for young cats - controversial efficacy - FEC antibody enhancement

How to control FIP/FCV

Hygiene & separate queen and kittens