Collection Of Specimens

Question 1

What sample should you always take even though you may not need it?

Answer 1

Blood sample

Question 2

How soon should you collect a viral sample?

Answer 2

At onset of clinical signs

Question 3

What type of samples are best for electron microscopy

Answer 3

Non-fixed

Question 4

What samples are best for PCR sampling

Answer 4

Fixed

Question 5

If you choose to fix a sample, how should it be processed?

Answer 5

• fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin
• dilute to 10% w/ water

Question 6

Swab samples require…

Answer 6

Special media (antimicrobials, fetal bovine serum, etc)

Question 7

What type of swabs aren’t recommended?

Answer 7

Dry & universal

Question 8

Virus isolation samples should be kept…

Answer 8

Cold & moist

Question 9

Viral samples should not be…

Answer 9

Frozen unless needed to be stored for several weeks

Question 10

T or F: samples should be forwarded to dx labs ASAP

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Sampling methods for intestine

Answer 11

Swab, endoscopic biopsy, fecal

Question 12

When collecting a swab sample, you should…

Answer 12

Insert, press firmly on mucosa & rotate. Place in special medium. Store between cold pads

Question 13

Indication for intestinal swab is

Answer 13

Diarrhea

Question 14

Indication for endoscopic biopsy

Answer 14

Chronic diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, or intestinal mass

Question 15

Indication for fecal

Answer 15

Suspected parasitic infection & diarrhea

Question 16

Surgical biopsy may be required for what type of lesion?

Answer 16

Submucosal

Question 17

How to store fecal samples

Answer 17

Between cold pads

Question 18

Sampling methods for skin lesions

Answer 18

Fluid aspiration, skin swab/smear, punch biopsy, ear notch

Question 19

What sampling method is indicated by closed vesicles?

Answer 19

Fluid aspiration

Question 20

Sampling method indicated by opened vesicles?

Answer 20

Smear/swab

Question 21

Sampling method indicated by opened vesicles?

Answer 21

Smear/swab

Question 22

Indications for punch biopsies

Answer 22

Cutaneous neoplasms, pigmented lesions, inflammatory lesions, chronic skin disorders

Question 23

Punch biopsies may require?

Answer 23

Local anestheic and suturing

Question 24

What type of tissue should you collect when getting a punch biopsy

Answer 24

Healthy and necrotic

Question 25

Which virus do you use ear notch sampling for?

Answer 25

BVD

Question 26

Pros of ear notching

Answer 26

Easy to collect and ship, not affected by maternal antibodies, can be tested by multiple methods, can be shipped dry or frozen or in PBS

Question 27

Sampling methods for oral and nasal cavities

Answer 27

Swab, aspirations, smears

Question 28

When you do an aspiration in the oral or nasal cavities, what should you not use?

Answer 28

Syringe w/ a needle

Question 29

Best time to perform endometrial swabbing in mares

Answer 29

During late estrus w/ a guarded 25” swab

Question 30

When do you sample the external os of cervix?

Answer 30

Mare is pregnant or cervix can’t be penetrated

Question 31

Which swab do you use to sample clitoral fossa?

Answer 31

Standard

Question 32

What swab is used to sample the clitoral sinuses?

Answer 32

Standard (laterals may not be present)

Question 33

Do not do what to the external genitalia when sampling?

Answer 33

Wash; never use disinfectant (unless severely soiled; use saline and cotton)

Question 34

Steps in swabbing female genitalia

Answer 34

Culture clitoral fossa w/ sterile swab -> clitoral sinuses -> cervix or endometrium w/ guarded swaab

Question 35

Culture sites for male genitalia

Answer 35

Distal urethra, fossa glandis, urethral sinus, shaft of penis and prepuce, semen

Question 36

Swab what end of urethera?

Answer 36

Distl

Question 37

How to swab fossa glandis

Answer 37

360 degrees around distal urethra

Question 38

How to swab urethral sinus

Answer 38

Urethral diverticlum

Question 39

How to swab penis and prepuce

Answer 39

Swab reflected preputial mucosa

Question 40

What volume should samples be for respiratory tract?

Answer 40

5-10mL

Question 41

What volume should CNS samples be?

Answer 41

0.5-1mL

Question 42

What volume should blood samples be?

Answer 42

8-10 mL

Question 43

4 stteps befoe sending sample to lab

Answer 43

- label (species, #, tissue location) - case history - list med & abx history - give short differential list & presumptive dx