Collection Of Specimens Flashcards
What sample should you always take even though you may not need it?
Blood sample
How soon should you collect a viral sample?
At onset of clinical signs
What type of samples are best for electron microscopy
Non-fixed
What samples are best for PCR sampling
Fixed
If you choose to fix a sample, how should it be processed?
- fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin
- dilute to 10% w/ water
Swab samples require…
Special media (antimicrobials, fetal bovine serum, etc)
What type of swabs aren’t recommended?
Dry & universal
Virus isolation samples should be kept…
Cold & moist
Viral samples should not be…
Frozen unless needed to be stored for several weeks
T or F: samples should be forwarded to dx labs ASAP
True
Sampling methods for intestine
Swab, endoscopic biopsy, fecal
When collecting a swab sample, you should…
Insert, press firmly on mucosa & rotate. Place in special medium. Store between cold pads
Indication for intestinal swab is
Diarrhea
Indication for endoscopic biopsy
Chronic diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, or intestinal mass
Indication for fecal
Suspected parasitic infection & diarrhea
Surgical biopsy may be required for what type of lesion?
Submucosal
How to store fecal samples
Between cold pads
Sampling methods for skin lesions
Fluid aspiration, skin swab/smear, punch biopsy, ear notch
What sampling method is indicated by closed vesicles?
Fluid aspiration
Sampling method indicated by opened vesicles?
Smear/swab
Sampling method indicated by opened vesicles?
Smear/swab
Indications for punch biopsies
Cutaneous neoplasms, pigmented lesions, inflammatory lesions, chronic skin disorders
Punch biopsies may require?
Local anestheic and suturing
What type of tissue should you collect when getting a punch biopsy
Healthy and necrotic
Which virus do you use ear notch sampling for?
BVD
Pros of ear notching
Easy to collect and ship, not affected by maternal antibodies, can be tested by multiple methods, can be shipped dry or frozen or in PBS
Sampling methods for oral and nasal cavities
Swab, aspirations, smears
When you do an aspiration in the oral or nasal cavities, what should you not use?
Syringe w/ a needle
Best time to perform endometrial swabbing in mares
During late estrus w/ a guarded 25” swab
When do you sample the external os of cervix?
Mare is pregnant or cervix can’t be penetrated
Which swab do you use to sample clitoral fossa?
Standard
What swab is used to sample the clitoral sinuses?
Standard (laterals may not be present)
Do not do what to the external genitalia when sampling?
Wash; never use disinfectant
(unless severely soiled; use saline and cotton)
Steps in swabbing female genitalia
Culture clitoral fossa w/ sterile swab -> clitoral sinuses -> cervix or endometrium w/ guarded swaab
Culture sites for male genitalia
Distal urethra, fossa glandis, urethral sinus, shaft of penis and prepuce, semen
Swab what end of urethera?
Distl
How to swab fossa glandis
360 degrees around distal urethra
How to swab urethral sinus
Urethral diverticlum
How to swab penis and prepuce
Swab reflected preputial mucosa
What volume should samples be for respiratory tract?
5-10mL
What volume should CNS samples be?
0.5-1mL
What volume should blood samples be?
8-10 mL
4 stteps befoe sending sample to lab
- label (species, #, tissue location)
- case history
- list med & abx history
- give short differential list & presumptive dx
