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Virology/I&I 4 > Collection Of Specimens > Flashcards

Collection Of Specimens Flashcards

1
Q

What sample should you always take even though you may not need it?

A

Blood sample

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2
Q

How soon should you collect a viral sample?

A

At onset of clinical signs

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3
Q

What type of samples are best for electron microscopy

A

Non-fixed

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4
Q

What samples are best for PCR sampling

A

Fixed

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5
Q

If you choose to fix a sample, how should it be processed?

A
  • fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin
  • dilute to 10% w/ water
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6
Q

Swab samples require…

A

Special media (antimicrobials, fetal bovine serum, etc)

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7
Q

What type of swabs aren’t recommended?

A

Dry & universal

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8
Q

Virus isolation samples should be kept…

A

Cold & moist

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9
Q

Viral samples should not be…

A

Frozen unless needed to be stored for several weeks

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10
Q

T or F: samples should be forwarded to dx labs ASAP

A

True

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11
Q

Sampling methods for intestine

A

Swab, endoscopic biopsy, fecal

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12
Q

When collecting a swab sample, you should…

A

Insert, press firmly on mucosa & rotate. Place in special medium. Store between cold pads

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13
Q

Indication for intestinal swab is

A

Diarrhea

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14
Q

Indication for endoscopic biopsy

A

Chronic diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, or intestinal mass

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15
Q

Indication for fecal

A

Suspected parasitic infection & diarrhea

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16
Q

Surgical biopsy may be required for what type of lesion?

A

Submucosal

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17
Q

How to store fecal samples

A

Between cold pads

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18
Q

Sampling methods for skin lesions

A

Fluid aspiration, skin swab/smear, punch biopsy, ear notch

19
Q

What sampling method is indicated by closed vesicles?

A

Fluid aspiration

20
Q

Sampling method indicated by opened vesicles?

A

Smear/swab

21
Q

Sampling method indicated by opened vesicles?

A

Smear/swab

22
Q

Indications for punch biopsies

A

Cutaneous neoplasms, pigmented lesions, inflammatory lesions, chronic skin disorders

23
Q

Punch biopsies may require?

A

Local anestheic and suturing

24
Q

What type of tissue should you collect when getting a punch biopsy

A

Healthy and necrotic

25
Q

Which virus do you use ear notch sampling for?

A

BVD

26
Q

Pros of ear notching

A

Easy to collect and ship, not affected by maternal antibodies, can be tested by multiple methods, can be shipped dry or frozen or in PBS

27
Q

Sampling methods for oral and nasal cavities

A

Swab, aspirations, smears

28
Q

When you do an aspiration in the oral or nasal cavities, what should you not use?

A

Syringe w/ a needle

29
Q

Best time to perform endometrial swabbing in mares

A

During late estrus w/ a guarded 25” swab

30
Q

When do you sample the external os of cervix?

A

Mare is pregnant or cervix can’t be penetrated

31
Q

Which swab do you use to sample clitoral fossa?

A

Standard

32
Q

What swab is used to sample the clitoral sinuses?

A

Standard (laterals may not be present)

33
Q

Do not do what to the external genitalia when sampling?

A

Wash; never use disinfectant

(unless severely soiled; use saline and cotton)

34
Q

Steps in swabbing female genitalia

A

Culture clitoral fossa w/ sterile swab -> clitoral sinuses -> cervix or endometrium w/ guarded swaab

35
Q

Culture sites for male genitalia

A

Distal urethra, fossa glandis, urethral sinus, shaft of penis and prepuce, semen

36
Q

Swab what end of urethera?

A

Distl

37
Q

How to swab fossa glandis

A

360 degrees around distal urethra

38
Q

How to swab urethral sinus

A

Urethral diverticlum

39
Q

How to swab penis and prepuce

A

Swab reflected preputial mucosa

40
Q

What volume should samples be for respiratory tract?

A

5-10mL

41
Q

What volume should CNS samples be?

A

0.5-1mL

42
Q

What volume should blood samples be?

A

8-10 mL

43
Q

4 stteps befoe sending sample to lab

A
  • label (species, #, tissue location)
  • case history
  • list med & abx history
  • give short differential list & presumptive dx

Virology/I&I 4 (4 decks)

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