Feline viral disease manifestation in the eye Flashcards
What are the most common occular signs of FHV?
Conjunctivitis is the most common ocular condition
followed by corneal epithelial ulceration and keratitis, with or without ulceration
early inflammatory response is neutrophilic and a purulent ocular discharge is common
Dendritic epithelial corneal ulceration is the classic herpetic lesion and, if evident, is helpful in making the diagnosis. However, many cats with FHV-1-related ocular disease are presented with geographic epithelial ulcers
sequestra and eosinophilic keratitis, have been associated with FHV-1, more commonly with the chronic kind
How do you diagnose ulcers related to FHV-1?
Should stain with fluoro as others do, but rose bengal stain is useful for dendritic ulcers. This can sting so apply topical anaesthetics first!
How can you treat feline herpes virus eye issues
AI (oral, although may benefit with topical use)
Ideally topical antivirals, but these are expensive and hard to get, so often get famcyclovir
Consider L-lysine treatment, although evidence is very patchy
What is the theory behind L-lysine use
competitive inhibitor of arginine, an amino acid necessary for synthesis of herpesviral proteins.
What signs may you see with calicivirus?
Moderate to severe conjunctivitis with conjunctival epithelial erosions, as well as oral mucosal ulceration, were noted in FCV-positive cats. No corneal ulcers were noted in cats infected with only FCV
What are the main ocular signs of FIV?
primarily chronic anterior uveitis and conjunctivitis.
Predisposed to lymphoma so may see this
What is the px for FIV induced uveitis?
fair at best, although there is no published evidence to support this opinion. Glaucoma is a common sequela to chronic anterior uveitis and intraocular pressure should be measured at each examination.
What are the most common ocular manifestations of FeLV
Most commonly lymphosarcoma
retinal hemorrhages associated with severe anemia and pupillary motility abnormalities
How do you treat uveal lymphosarcoma (related to FelV mostly)
systemic chemotherapeutic agents and a topical corticosteroid such as 1% prednisolone acetate. If glaucoma is present, topical medications, such as dorzolamide and timolol, can be used. Enucleation should be considered for blind and painful eyes with uncontrollable glaucoma.
What are the most common occular manifestations of FIP
Since vasculitis is a feature of FIP, the eye is a common target organ. Ocular manifestations include pyogranulomatous anterior uveitis, often with fibrin in the anterior chamber and keratic precipitates, choroiditis with retinal detachment and retinal vasculitis, with perivascular cuffing by inflammatory cells
What are the overall clinical signs of feline panleukopaenia?
In most cats infected with FPV, there are no apparent clinical signs. Of those that become ill, systemic signs include acute onset fever, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, severe dehydration and thickened bowel loops. Animals are usually markedly leukopenic. Queens infected or vaccinated just before or during pregnancy can show infertility or abortion, but with no clinical illness detected in the queen. Kittens born to infected queens might have cerebellar hypoplasia, with intention tremors, ataxia and a hypermetric gait.
What are the ocular manifestations of panleukopaenia virus?
retinal dysplasia and degeneration in kittens infected in utero or in the neonatal period.
How do you diagnose feline panleukopaenia virus?
serum virus neutralization assays. The first assay should be run as soon as possible after clinical signs develop and a second titer run 2 weeks later. A fourfold rise in titer is indicative of acute infection. A presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical signs and leukopenia.
How do you use steroids and NSAIDs in the treatment for uveitis
treatment with a topical NSAID such as 0.1% diclofenac 2–3 times daily might be adequate. The use of a NSAID will not have the same risk of exacerbating FHV-1 infection as corticosteroid treatment. However, if the uveitis is moderate to severe, the use of a topical potent corticosteroid, such as 1% prednisolone acetate or 0.1% dexamethasone, four times daily is indicated. When the uveitis has improved, it might be possible to switch to a topical NSAID for maintenance therapy. Combination therapy with a topical corticosteroid and a topical NSAID is safe and helpful in many cases by allowing the steroid to be used less frequently, and by treating the inflammation with two classes of drugs, each that alters the inflammatory cascade by a different mechanism
