Feline Revision Flashcards
Generalized cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, left mumur
DCM
Right sided disease, R.S enlargement, tortous pulmonary vessels
Heartworm
Eucoleus aerophilus (formerly Capillaria aerophilus)
Chronic cough in cats
Ulcerated swelling, draining tracts, purulent discharge on face/ paw, THICK walled oval shaped yeast-like organisms
Sporotrichosis
Ulcerated swelling, draining tracts, purulent discharge on face/ paw, THIN walled oval shaped yeast-like organisms
Cryptococcosis
Congenital vestibular dysfxn
Nystagmus, circling
Transmitted via cat bites
FIV
Dermal hemangiosarcoma
UV light exposure
More than 85% are malignant
Feline mammary tumors
Most specific dx for heart worm
Heartworm antigen
Decreases bone resorption of calcium
Calcitonin
Fixed and dilated pupils ff trauma
Traumatic brain injury
Mostly secondary to renal disease/ hyperthyroidism
Hypertension in cats
Hard dry stool palpated in distal colon, large colon filled with feaces. Due to malunion pelvic fracture
Megacolon
Identical to bovine
Feline insulin
Draining abscess, micro org stains with “safety pin” appearance
Plague
Right side (head tilt, Protruding nictating membrane, mitotic pupil, absent R. palpebral reflex)
Lesion in R. middle/ inner ear
Malunion pelvic fracture
Megacolon
Lesion in L. brain stem (Left vestibular disease)
Left circling/ head tilt
Wheezes, coughing
Feline asthma
Eroding ulcers and subcutaneous swelling over nose (Roman nose), face, body. Yeast like fungi with thick capsules/ narrow necked budding
Cryptococcosis
mm is dark/ cyanotic, dark brown urine
Acetaminophen toxicity
Mass in throat, lateral to trachea/ larynx, Azotemia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Vomiting after eating. Dx. Barman sedation
Ollanus tricuspis
Ulcerated sores/ erythematous lesions on lips, buccal mucosa. Rx. Corticosteroids
Feline eosinophilic ulcer
Keratic/ mutton fat precipitates in anterior chamber of eyes, Hyperglobulinemia
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Toxoplasmosis - Rx
Clindamycin
Rx of cholaniohepatitis. Increases bile flow
Ursodiol
Feline asthma (Coughing, wheezing, respiratory distress)
Bronchial pattern
Grape like swelling with round scab on it and something appears to move under it. Widen scab hole with forceps, remove mass
Cutebra
Can metastasize to digits
Pulmonary adenocarcinomas
Hunched up after surgery
Pain control is inadequate
Mass under jaw, behind right stifle, kidneys feel lumpy, iodized Ca value
Hypercalcemia of malignancy
Lethargy, cloudy eyes, anterior uveitis
Dx test: Toxoplasmosis serology
Weight loss, Lethargy, increase RR
Pleural effusion
Dx of feline ovarian remnant syndrome
LH testing
Human oral hypoglycemic agent given to cats. It promotes insulin secretion to pancreas
Glipizide
Used to rx anxiety by serotonin reuptake inhibition
Fluoxetine
Invades normal flesh e.g screw worm
Obligatory myasis
Invades damaged tissue e.g Myasis
Facultative myasis
Lethargy, stunted growth, abnormal gait
Hypothyroidism
Safest NSAID for use in cats
Robenacoxib
Trigeminal neuritis
Flaccid jaw paralysis
Quiet in sternal recumbency
No intervention needed. Keep monitoring
Dx. Serum total T4, fasting blood glucose
PU, PD, Poly phagia
cat, straining to defecate, large firm tubular density in caudal abdomen
Megacolon
Reoccurrence is common. Over 90%
Injection site sarcoma
2 hours after drinking ethylene glycol
4 MP, IV fluids
Palpable cranial abdominal mass
Tricobenzoars
Dyspnea, crackles on auscultation of lungs, severe oral ulcerations, ptyalism
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema likely due to electric cord bites
Stomatitis, gingivitis, fighting with other cats, nasal discharge and sneezing
Dx. FIV. Test; ELISA FIV antibody test
Most prevalent flea on dogs and cats
Ctenocephalides felis
Flaccid limbs with pale, cyanotic nail bed, weak femoral pulse, cardiac mumur
Aortic thromboembolism
Systolic mumur in L.S 5-6 intercostal space
HCM
Dog/cat bit by raccoon, vaccination overdue but have documentation
Immediate booster; keep under owner control/ observe for 45 days
Horner’s syndrome on R. side, R. head tilt, horizontal nystagmus (fast phase to the left)
Right otitis media/ interna
Cat test positive for FeIV ELISA test
Perform a W. blot FIV test
Cat vaccinated for FVRCP, FeLV, and rabies test positive for FIV by ELISA
Need a W. blot test to confirm dx
Mibolerone and megastrol acetate
Used to suppress estrus in dogs. The later has been associated with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra
Raw fresh water fish
Thiamine antagonists
2 cats fighting, 1 of the cats suddenly attacks person separating them
Redirected aggression
Reticulocytosis, polychromasia
Regenerative anemia
Cat diagnosed with mega colon has continued to be obstipated despite colonic evacuation and low residue diet and laxatives
Subtotal colectomy
Best time to perform exploratory laparotomy on feline patient with suspected ovarian remaint syndrome
After hormonal stimulation
Vomiting for past 24 hours
Linear foreign body
Best initial rx for urethral obstruction caused by urethral plug. Plug is flushed back into bladder
Retrograde urohydropulsion
Cat diagnosed with mega colon has continued to be obstipated despite colonic evacuation and low residue diet and laxatives
Subtotal colectomy
Used to rx feline elimination disorders but has greatest potential for accidental overdose
Amitriptyline
Ravenous appetite, weight loss, and fur looks unkempt, high values for T4
Hyperthyroidism
Hydronephrosis
Big kidney
Hydroureter e.g In Urolithiasis
Little kidney
Most common with trichobezoars
Vomiting
Best diet for hepatic lipidosis
High quality protein, high fiber
91% reduction in developing mammary tumors
Cats spayed before 6 months
Clumped platelets (thrombocytes)
Normal in feline
To detect intraluminal obstructive lesion in urethra of cat
Positive contrast urethrocystography
Coughing, several papules/ nodules on skin
Cryptococcosis
Pale mm, lethargy, and epistaxis
Test prothrombin time
Used to Rx. Patient with hairballs. Enhances motility and promotes gastric emptying
FIP
Rx for Dermatophytosis (Ring worm)
Itraconazol
Abdominal palpation shows ascites, irregular shaped kidneys, Abdominocentesis shows straw colored viscous fluid with macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocyte
FIP
Weight loss, regurgitating undigested food
Megaesophagus
Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, hypoalbuminemia: Dx. Intestinal biopsy
Inflammatory bowel disease
Mixed alveolar/ interstitial lung pattern, dilated pulmonary arteries, multiple linear structures in R. ventricle
+ve Heart worm antigen or +ve ELISA
PEA, Asystole, Ventricular fibrillation
3 most common arrest arrhythmias in cats
Cataract in dogs especially miniature poodles and Labrador retriever
Progressive retinal atrophy
Common cause of cataract in dogs but not cats
DM
Alopecia, scaling, crusting
Microsporum sp
Firm, solitary, free movable, pigmented mass
Basal cell tumor
Pruritus around head/ neck, superficial/ deep skin scrapping is negative for mites, no evidence of mites, has good appetite but sometimes vomits Rx. (Eliminate beef, fish, milk from diet)
Food allergy
Rx for cholangiohepatitis
Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
Not recommended for rx of heartworm in cats due to severe toxicity
Melarosomine
Cat with cough, dyspnea, positive heart worm antigen test
Rx Prednisolone
Recurrent skin lesion on bridge of nose, pinna, ear. Resolves in fall and winter when cat is kept indoors
Mosquito bite hypersensitivity
Filamentous organism with acid fast staining
Mycobacterium
Diff pyelonephritis from LUTD
Ultrasonography
Thoracic limb lameness, carpal swelling
Infection (Osteomyelitis)
Toxic/ not used for cats
Amitraz, pyrethroids
Imidacloprid
Rx of fleas/ ticks in cats
Sneezing, mucopurulent/ hemorrhagic nasal discharge with budding yeast organisms with large thick capsule and thin wall. Dx. Serology
Cryptococcus
Acute onset of swollen mammary gland in young intact female
Hyperplasia
Rx: 1st line (high fiber/ diet developed to prevent urolithiasis), if no resolution, 2nd line (Glucocorticoids – Prednisolone, dexa)
Imidacloprid
Dyspnea, elevated RR, muffled heart/ lung sounds, pleural effusion, enlarged cardiac silhouette - DX
Thoracocentasis
Anterior pituitary tumor of somatotropic cells
Feline acromegaly
Rx for antifreeze within 3 hours of ingestion
4 MP
Rx for antifreeze from 4 hours of ingestion
20% Ethanol IV
Lesions on pinna/ face, eroded, covered with thick crusts, no micro orgs
Pemphigus foliaceus
Weakness of pelvic limb, loss of conscious proprioception, poor withdrawal reflexes
Polyneuropathy
Rivaltas test
Differentiate effusion from other diseases
Pleomorphic bipolar, round/ oval organisms inside erythrocytes
Cytauxzoonosis
Anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, Spec fPL is high
Pancreatitis
Feline asthma - DX
Chest radiographs
Avoid ketamine (Eliminated by kidneys)
Urinary tract obstruction
Generalized weakness, PU, PD. DX: Check Potassium
Hypokalemic myopathy
Flea dip. Rx. Metocarbamol
Permethrin toxicity
Looks like rings on RBC. Regenerative anemia that progresses into stress/ immunosup
Mycoplasma haemofelis (Hemobartonella felis)
Rx for uncomplicated feline pancreatitis
Enteral nutritious support
Young cat with increased respiratory effort and decreased size compared
Pectus excavatum
Most common congenital heart defect in cat
Ventricular septal defect
Selective serotonin
Most effective rx for feline aggression
Most common sign in cat with hypertension
Acute blindness (Hypertensive retinopathy)
Persistent regurgitation just after weaning, underweight Rx. Thoracotomy
Persistent R. aortic arch
Transmitted to cats from rodents
M. lepraemurium
Has bright fluorescent glow under woods lamp
Microsporum canis
Lethargy, sneezing, epiphora, ocular/ nasal discharges
Feline rhinotracheitis
Erythematous lesion on upper lip and philtrum
Eosinophilic ulcer
To evaluate efficacy of methimazole rx in hyperthyroidism
Measure total T4
Confine 10 days for observation; vaccinate after 10 days
Cat bit owner and drew blood
2 month old kitten with difficulty breathing
Vascular ring anomaly
Diabetes plus Neurologic signs (Pacing and circling)
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)
Progressive ataxia, paraparetic, conscious proprioceptive deficits in both rear legs
Spinal lymphosarcoma
Loud breathing, unilateral mucous discharge, soft tissue density in nasopharynx, increased radio density of osseous bulla. Prognosis is excellent with surgery
Nasopharyngeal polyps
Transmitted via ticks (Ambylomma, Dermacentor)
Cytaxzoon felis
Large round worms, common in cats. Rx Pyrantel pamote *(safe in pregnancy), piperazine, febendazole, etc
Toxocara cati
Almost transparent worms
Strongyloides stercoralis
Whip worms, long and slender
Trichuris vulpis
Rupture of thoracic duct is potential cause
Chylothorax
Increased calcium and fatal renal calcification
Cholecalciferol (Vit. D3) toxicosis
Bleeding lump, firm, solitary, hairless, dome shape, clusters of large cells with round to oval nuclei that are adherent to each other. Rx. Surgical removal
Basal cell tumor
Alprazolam (A benzodiazepine)
Potentiates the effect of GABA. Used to moderate anxiety in urine spraying cat.
X-ray crystallography
Used to diff magnesium phosphate from Ca oxalate cystic calculi
Swelling of lymph gland with creamy purulent discharge, gram negative bipolar cocci
Plague
Can be assessed by examination in a light room, then dark room
Anisocoria (pupils of different sizes)
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (Feline herpes 1), Chlamidophilia (mycoplasma)
Bilateral conjunctivitis
Conditions that develop in Idiopathic Feline Hypercalcemia
Calcium Oxalate urolithiasis, Chronic kidney disease
Rx. Glucocorticoids, or steroids, improve airways in lungs by decreasing inflammation in airways due to allergens. RX: DCN: Penetrates bronchial secretion
Wheezes
Associated with Lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis. Common in sheltered cats
Calcivirus
Profound pan leucopenia (50-3000 WBC/uL)
Feline distemper
Immunosuppression is rare compared to other chemotherapeutic agents
I – Asperginase
Pleural effusion resulting from CHF. Rx Thoracentesis
Muffles lung sounds, cyanotic mm, and systolic murmur
Sneezing, bilateral mucopurulent ocular discharge
Feline calcivirus
Submit a blood sample for FeLV antigen test
+ve ELISA FIV antibody test
Vomiting, 6% dehydration
Lactated Ringers solution
Common in dogs, No insulin, no glucose uptake, increase tissue breakdown due to gluconeogenesis
Type 1 DM
Common in cats, inadequate insulin secretion, and impaired insulin resistance
Type 2 DM
Long term rx. Steroids, Terbutaline/ albuterol
Feline asthma/ bronchitis
Foul smelling, pasty diarrhea, oocyst of Cystoisospora genus
Coccidiosis
Withdrawal when hind limb/medial digit is pinched
Femoral nerve
Most common cause of urolithiasis in cats in N. America. Radio opaque. Avoid vit D,C, take lots of water
Ca Oxalate
Withdrawal when toe/lateral digit is pinched
Sciatic nerve
Cat from shelter, increased volume/ fluidity of feces, oocyte (4-6 micrometer)
Cryptosporidosis
Severe trauma between T2-T13 causes interruption of inhibitory neuron from lumbar spinal cord.
Schiff- Sherrington syndrome
Idiopathic, renal disease, malignancy
Hypercalcemia in cats
Black oral mass in upper gingival, hard palate
Malignant Melanomas (common in dogs). Dx: Biopsy/Histopath
Diaphragmatic hernia
Dx. Thoracic radiography
Nasal odor, hemorrhagic discharge, sneezing, stertorous breathing
Nasal tumor
Crusty, erythematous, pruritic lesion on chin. Fungal culture, skin scrapings are negative
Idiopathic chin acne
Simple continuous
Uterus
Diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy, and renal disease
Acromegaly
Cat has eaten dead rat beside a box of rat poison. Owner will present in 10 mins
Induce vomiting with dexmedetomidone, xylazine. Apomorphine in dogs
Hit by car, lung sounds muffles on R. side
Diaphragmatic herenia
Check BMBT
Before a liver biopsy
Most common cause of regurgitation in cats/dogs. Secondary acquired form is via Myasthenia gravis
Megaoesophagus
Fibrotic dermal nodule/ ulcerated plaques
Ceruminous gland carcinoma
Pargonimus kelicotti (small lung fluke)
Bronchitis
Seen in 80% of cats with HAC than dogs
Diabetes mellitus
Contraindicated in patients with GI hemorrhage, obstruction
Metoclopramide
Common in cats with FIP
Hydrocephalus
Fever, icterus, abdominal pain
Cholangiohepatitis
Kitten from shelter with diarrhea, tiny oocysts 38-51 micrometers
Sulfonamethoxine, Trimethoprim sulfa
Bilateral conjunctivitis and rhinitis
Dx. Chlamydia / Rx. Tetracyclines
Lomustine
Rx. Mast cell tumor
Rx. KCS
Cyclosporin and Tacrolimus
Unilateral dropped hock/ plantigrade stance
Achilles tendon rupture
Red/ dark green vaginal discharge from pregnant cat
Placental detachment
Decreased appetite, chronic vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss
Inflammatory bowel disease
Cats over 10, polyphagia
Hyperthyroidism
Detection of FCoV Ag in macrophages by immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemical staining
Confirmation of FIP
Persistently infected with FeLV (Viremic for life)
+ve ELISA and IFA
4-7 months
Adult canine erupts in cats
5-6 months
Adult canine erupts in dogs
Erythematous ulcerative non itchy lesions
Eosinophilic granuloma
LA Insulin. Follow up medication ff rx and resolution of DKA. Every 12 hours
Glargine
240mg/dl
Renal tubular threshold for glucose in cats
Renal tubular threshold for glucose in dogs
180mg/dl
Renal tubular threshold for glucose in dogs
Caudal lumbar injury (L4-L6)
No patellar reflex, urinary incontinence
Vision loss in older cat
Check thyroid function, BUN/ creatinine
Anterior uveitis, hyperglobulinemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis
FIP
FIP wet form
Pleural effusion
FIP dry form
No Pleural effusion
Gallop rhythm
HCM
High protein, low carbs
DM diet
Right head tilt, horizontal nystagmus, fast phase left, circling to right
Nasopharyngeal polyps
3 cm and above (6 months), 2cm and below (3 years)
Prognosis following mastectomy
Pregnancy detection in cats (in days): Abdominal palpation in cats
18-20
Pregnancy detection in cats (in days): Ultrasound
28
Pregnancy detection in cats (in days): Radiograph
40
Pregnancy detection in gods (in days): Radiograph
45
