Feline Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease Flashcards
ocular manifestations of systemic disease are more common in felines than canines… True or False
FALSE – they are less common in felines
What is griseofulvin?
Causes birth defects in kittens when the queen ingests this ANTI-FUNGAL during the first half of gestation.
Types of PeriOrbital and Sinus Neoplasia
- sinus adenocarcinoma
- sinus and/or orbital SCC
- orbital LSA
- bacterial sinusitis
- cryptococcal sinusitis
- work up may include plain rads, nasal endoscopy, nasal swabs for cytology/ C&S, FNA, CT/MRI
Feline Eyelid Disease
- Demodex rarely causes issues with cats
- Scabies and dermatophytosis Alopecia, erythema, scaly pruritis (rare as well)
- Pemphigus - ulcerations at mucocutaneous junctions
- Horner’s - intrathoracic lesions, middle ear, tympanic bullae, orbital dz —- Phenylephrine test to localize – Post-ganglionic most common but Cats have more PRE-ganglionic than dogs
- Eyelid neoplasia rare in cats – if you see them BAD, get rid of them now!
Eyelid neoplasia
- SCC - most common, cut it off or laser or hyperthermia or cryosurgery
- basal cell carcinoma - same as SCC but RARE
- fibrosarcoma - FIRM, DEEP masses; difficult to excise, RARE also
- MCT - deep or superficial, ULCERATED and PRURITIC, unlike in dog, these ones are usually BENIGN, don’t need as wide margins as dog. can use intralesional steroids or saline.
- Swollen, firm eyelids – cutaneous LSA – RARE, responds to chemo somewhat
- palpebral conjunctival melanomas are MALIGNANT
Conjunctival diseases
- chlamydophila
- mycoplasmal KC
- Calici virus
- Herpes – Root of all Evil
Sequellae of Herpes FHV-1
- neonatal ophthalmia
- acute infection - bilateral serous ocular nasal discharge
- recrudescent FHV-1 - episodic blepharospasm, epiphora, conjunctival hyperemia
- CORNEAL SEQUESTRA - highly associated
- Eosinophilic KC -
- very RARE to be a cause of anterior uveitis
- KCS* - chronic herpes cats or symblepharon
- bartonellosis - tx with Azithromycin or doxycycline (especially in california)
DX Herpes in cat
- PCR BEST test
- cytology showing intraNuclear inclusions in epithelial cells
- IFA Testing of conjunctival scrapings - false neg high
TX Herpes
Acute - Topical and systemic antibiotics; cleaning exudates
DO NOT USE TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS in RECRUDESCENT CASES — leads to SEQUESTRUM formation
Cidofovir antiviral good; systemic antivirals good too; Lysine good;
What do you treat a cat in California with for infectious conjunctivval disease?
THey do not have Chlamydia — treat with Azithromycin or Doxycycline for Bartonella henselae
Uveal neoplasia in kitty
- FeLV induced LSA
- Met to the eye - uncommon in cat, (usually iris, choroid or ciliary body)
- Diffuse iris melanoma - localized to stroma, met is rare; however if in filtration angle or into sclera met more likely YEARS later to get in liver, spleen, lungs so TAKE it OUT
Is metastatic neoplasia in the uveu common in kitties?
no, usually the iris, choroid or ciliary body
feline spastic pupil syndrome
pupil randomly dilates and constricts all of a sudden
associated with FeLV
lipemic aqueous humor
OLD and FAT cats — indicates systemic LIPEMIA
TX is symptomatic - topcial steroids, NSAIDs, and/or mydriatics to control inflammation
Look for cause of lipemia
Hyphema and posterior segment hemorrhage in kitties
hyphema: blunt trauma to the eye coagulopathies platelet disorders neoplasia/masses ant. uveitis toxins
posterior:
high blood pressure – not hyphema
Hyphema TX: topical steroids and mydriatics
Posterior segment diseases: retinal dysplasia
peripheral “folds” and scars on neuroretina.
associated with neonatal infection with panleukopenia virus (before 8 weeks of age while retina is still developing)
Posterior segment diseases: taurine deficiency
induced cardiomyopathy and retinal degeneration
bilaterally symmetrical areas of retinal degeneration of the AREA CENTRALIS that will progress across the fundus in a horizontal band and eventually lead to total retinal degeneration and blindness and congestive heart failure
TX dietary management
PX once degenerated, won’t come back; changing diet will stop progression though
Posterior segment diseases: retinal hemorrhages
BAYTRIL Retinal Toxicity -- BRONZING of the eye high blood pressure anemia hyperviscosity optic neuritis blunt trauma to the eye coagulopathies platelet disorders neoplasia/masses ant. uveitis toxins
Baytril retinal toxicity
initial hyperpigmentation results in BRONZING of the eye
Baytril think bronzing
will see Non-Tapetal Zone DEPIGMENTATION, so there will be light spots on the dark area
IV can cause toxicity no matter what; lowered normal dose to 5mg/lb/day
