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VET614 - SA Practice > Feline Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Feline Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms make up the Feline Upper Respiratory Disease (FURD) complex?

A

Viral:
Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1)
Feline calicivirus (FCV)
Bacterial:
Chlamydia felis

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2
Q

What is the transmission method of each organism of FURD?

A

FHV-1 & FCV:
Shed in ocular, oral + nasal discharge of infected cats
Direct contact with infected cats
Fomites on food bowls, hands etc
Aerosolisation 1-2m

Chlamydia Felis:
direct contact or aerosolisation

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3
Q

How do you diagnose FURD?

A

Often based on clinical signs and which predominate
Chlamydia - can swab ocular secretions for culture, often treated by CS
FHV-1: almost all cats become latently infected. Stress = reactivation, shed virus, may show CS
FCV: almost all become persistent carriers. Stress or glucocorticoid treatment = shedding + CS

PCR may detect FHV-1 or FCV if actively shedding, but can also be found in healthy cats

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4
Q

A cat presents with intermittent upper respiratory signs. On examination you notice oral ulceration. What is your top differential?

A

Feline calicivirus

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5
Q

A cat presents with conjunctivitis, chemosis, and ocular discharge. What is your top differential?

A

Chlamydia felis

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6
Q

A cat presents with nasal discharge, sneezing, and corneal ulceration. What is your top differential?

A

Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1)

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Chlamydia felis?

A

Doxycycline 5-10mg/kg BID for 3-4 weeks

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8
Q

What is the treatment for viral rhinitis?

A

No consistently effective treatment available, will help lessen Cx but not cure.

Famciclovir 125mg PO q8-12hr used as long term therapy to help lessen Cx

AB - ONLY judiciously if secondary bacterial infection present

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9
Q

A cat presents with severe nasal discharge, ocular secretions and is showing signs of respiratory distress. What are your top differentials, and what will your treatment plan be?

A

Hospitalise - isolation/barrier nursing
Feeding - warm up food + syringe feed + appetite stimulant (mirtazapine)
May require NG/NO tube
IV fluids depending on hydration
Nebulising (NaCl steam)
Good nursing! - clean secretions

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10
Q

What secretions have the highest viral concentrations of FeLV?

A

Saliva
Less in: blood, semen, milk, faeces

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11
Q

What cats are most at risk for infection with FeLV?

A

Multi-cat environments, young cats, outdoor access

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12
Q

How is FeLV transmitted?

A

Mostly social contact: shared litter trays, food bowls, mutual grooming
Less common: bite/fight wounds

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13
Q

What are the 3 possible outcomes for FeLV infection?

A

Abortive: virus elimination before spread, lifelong protection against infection. May test positive in first 1-2 weeks, then negative on POC test

Progressive: spread + viraemia, death within a few years due to neoplasia, BM suppression, or opportunistic infection. Persistently positive on POC test

Regressive: partial control by immune system with spread + transient viraemia (2-8 weeks). Persistence of virus with rare cases. Positive for first 2-8 weeks, then may be positive or negative.

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14
Q

What tests are used to diagnose FeLV?

A

Point of care - tests for p27 antigen
If positive on POC, send blood to lab for PCR

PCR 100% sensitivity + specificity but $$

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15
Q

How are progressive and regressive cases of FeLV managed?

A

Treat presenting disease i.e. opportunistic or refractory infection
Keep separate, vaccinate all in-contact cats for FeLV
Recombinant feline interferon omega - may reduce recurrent infections + prolong survival

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16
Q

What secretions have the highest viral concentrations of FIV?

A

Blood and saliva

17
Q

How is FIV most commonly transmitted?

A

Bite + fight wounds
Less commonly: vertical transmission, social contact

FI = fighting

18
Q

Describe the duration of infection with FIV and its different stages

A

Lifelong infection due to integration into cats genome

Primary: viraemic, malaise, may have lymphadenopathy (weeks - months)
Secondary: asymptomatic, limited viral replication. May last years or be indefinite for some cats
Tertiary: usually terminal. Viral replication increases -> clinical disease. CD4+ lymphocytopenia, lymphoma, opportunistic infections, gingivostomatitis

19
Q

What tests are used to diagnose FIV?

A

Anigen or Witness antibody point of care test
Always confirm positive test with second different POC test

  • snap combo idexx cannot differentiate FIV vaccination and natural infection - don’t use
20
Q

What is the life expectancy of a cat with FIV?

A

Equivalent to non-infected cats

21
Q

What is the management/treatment for FIV?

A

Asymptomatic:
Confine to avoid spreading virus and exposure to pathogens
Avoid immunosuppressive drugs
Continue core vaccines

Symptomatic:
Diagnose + treat as for any other cat -> may require longer treatment due to immunosuppression
Gingivostomatitis + viraemia may respond to recombinant feline interferon-omega

22
Q

What is FIP?

A

Feline infectious peritonitis/Feline coronavirus

23
Q

How is FIP spread?

A

Faeco-oral transmission

24
Q

What percentage of cats with feline coronavirus go on to develop FIP?

A

10% - virus mutates within infected cat to cause FIP

25
Q

What does “wet” or “dry” FIP mean?

A

Wet - effusive form
Vasculitis, ascites, pleural or pericardial effusion

Dry - non-effusive form
Granulomas, ocular, and neurological signs

26
Q

What is the prognosis and treatment for FIP?

A

Prognosis: poor, usually fatal within weeks to months

Treatment:
Remdisivir - available online but not licensed
Prednisolone - may provide palliation

27
Q

How is Toxoplasma transmitted?

A

Ingestion of sporulated oocytes (faeces)
Tissue cysts (meat)
Vertical: placenta or milk
Contaminated food + water sources

28
Q

How does Toxoplasmosis in cats present?

A

Clinical disease rare.
Young cats - diarrhoea
Immunosuppressed cats - serious disease depending on location of parasite e.g. uveitis/ocular, CNS signs

29
Q

How would you diagnose Toxoplasmosis?

A

Clinical suspicion (ocular/neuro signs) and rising serology LCAT titres (4 weeks apart)

30
Q

What is the treatment for Toxoplasmosis?

A

Clindamycin BID 4 weeks

VET614 - SA Practice (4 decks)

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